“You are at home”引出的疑问

如题所述

第1个回答  2022-07-21
home前到底加不加介词?

什么情况下可以加,什么情况下不加?

疑惑重重……

【开启百度模式】:

首先,语法结构不同,一个 home 是副词,一个是 at home 介词短语。我想问

Is anybody home?=有人到家/回家了吗/家里现在有人吗?(副词作表语表动态意味.sb be home =sb gets/arrives home)

Is anybody at home? 有人在家吗/屋里有人吗?(介词短语作表语表静态含义,sb be at home=sb be in )

home,at home其区别如下

(1)home 作为副词,表示,回家,到家,在家,(之前出门在返回到家)多与表示位置移动的动态动词连用,get home, go home, come home, arrive home, bring home, hurry home。(作为副词,还可以作后置定语修饰前面名词)

He went home.  他回家去了。

She impressed it on me that I must come home early.  她让我记住一定早点回家。

I really must be getting home in a moment.  我真的必须立即回家。

It was nearly dark when I got home.  我到家时天快黑了。

In the after years the sailor did not get home often.  在以后的年月里这个水手不经常回家。

Mother will be home directly.  母亲马上就回家来了。

He was glad to be home again.  他对再次回到家中感到高兴。

Is Henry home?  亨利在家吗?

(备注:作为副词,还可以作后置定语修饰前面名词)

I saw him on his way home. 

我看见他在回家的路上。

I met with him on my way home this afternoon. 

今天下午我在回家的路上碰到他。

(2)at home 为介词短语,表示处于一种在家状态,(之前就没有出门)多静态动词连用,stay at home ,remain at home,live at home, stick at home。

You can stay at home and watch TV.

你可以待在家里并且看电视。

I'd (just) as soon stay at home as go for a walk.

我呆在家里也行,出去散步也行。

Because my husband has gone to a stag dinner, I have to stay at home alone.

因为我丈夫去参加一个只许男人参加的宴会,我只好独自待在家里。

I expect I'll stay at home tomorrow.

预计我明天将呆在家里。

They would rather go fishing than stay at home.

他们宁愿去钓鱼,也不愿待在家里。

Do you prefer to stay at home?

你宁愿呆在家里吗?

I would rather stay at home.

我宁可呆在家里。

You'll never see life if you stay at home forever.

如果你一直呆在家里,就永远不会有生活经验。

She begged him to remain at home.

恳求他待在家里。

Please remain at home in the evening.

晚上请呆在家里。

He remained at home and attended to the business.

他留在家里照料生意。

I went to the city,but my brother remained at home.

我去了城市,可弟弟留在了家里。

All the next day he remained at home.

第二天他在家里待了一整天。

She remained at home to work on her school report.

她待在家里写学校的报告。

home(副词)和at home(介词短语)都可以做is的表语。到底什么样的词可以做表语呢?先搞清楚“表语”的涵义吧。

表语 [biǎo yǔ]

表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

例如:

I am fine. ( fine 是形容词,作表语)

He is a boy. ( boy 是名词,作表语)

Five plus two is seven. ( seven 是数词,作表语)

We are here. ( here 是副词,作表语)

He is not at home. (at home 是介词短语,作表语)

My hobby is reading. ( reading 是动名词,作表语)

Our duty is to make our environment better.(to make 是不定式,作表语)

表语类型区别

不定式、分词作表语的区别

不定式和动名词 作表语相当于一个名词作表语,含义是回答主语“是什么”; 分词 作表语相当于形容词作表语,含义是回答主语“怎么样”。

Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。(主语和表语相等)

This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. 这个美丽的村庄仍未被外界所知。(主语和表语不相等)

二 、不定式和动名词作表语的区别

  不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的,但二者仍有一些区别。不定式作表语强调的是具体的、将要发生的、一次性的动作;动名词作表语强调的是抽象的、经常发生的、一般性的动作。

  1、His job is to paint the walls. 他的工作是粉刷这些墙。

  2、His job is painting walls. 他的工作是粉刷墙。

三、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别

  现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征,过去分词说明主语的状态。

This dog is frightening. 这条狗令人害怕。(说明狗的特征)

This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的状态)

四、不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别

  不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”,和主语之间是可以划等号的,不定式用来表示将来时态时,表示主语即将要执行的动作,和主语之间是不能划等号的。

  What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales. 他想建议的是降价促销。

五、do-ing动词作表语和do-ing动词用于进行时的区别

  动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”,现在分词作表语说明主语的特征。-ing动词用于正在进行时时,说明主语正在执行的动作。

  She is taking care of the children. 她在照料小孩。(说明她正在执行的动作)

六、过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别

  过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态,过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。

The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。(说明杯子的状态)

The cup was broken by Peter. 杯子是被彼得打坏的。(说明杯子承受的动作—被打坏了)

表语辨析

表语形式

名词作表语

  Africa is a big continent.

  非洲是个大洲。

  That remains a puzzle to me.

  那件事对我来说仍然是一个谜。

代词作表语

  What’s your fax number?

  你的传真号是多少?

  Who's your best friend?

  你最好的朋友是谁?

形容词作表语

  I feel much better today.

  我今天感觉好多了。

  He is old but he is healthy。

  他很老,但他很健康。

数词作表语

  She was the first to learn about it.

  她是第一个知道的人。

不定式或ing形式作表语

  Her job is selling computers.

  她的工作是销售电脑。

  Our next step was to get raw materials ready.

  我们下一步是把原料准备好。

   作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词 :

  hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business

  The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.

  新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐。

  Her wish is to become a singer.

  她的愿望是当一名歌手。

  Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.

  我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。

介词短语作表语

  The patient is out of danger.

  病人脱险了。

  I don’t feel at ease.

  我感到不自在。

  注意事项:

  著名学者周海中教授曾经指出:作为表语时,英语介词可以表示正在“进行”的动作。例如:

  He is at work..

  他正在工作。

  The house is on fire!

  房子着火了!

  The road is under construction.

  路正在修。

副词作表语

  The sun is up.

  太阳升起来了。

  I must be off now.

  现在我得走了。

从句作表语

  This is what he said.

  这就是他所说的话。

非谓语单词作remain的表语。

  Remain作“仍需去做(或说、处理)”讲时,后面加“to be done”作表语。

  例: One problem remains to be solved。

  有一个问题尚待解决。

表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。

表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词有区别。主语从句的引导词包括if,但if并不引导表语从句,只有一个特例是与as连用,用as if 引导表语从句;另外,表语从句的引导词也包括as,as though,because等。此外,that在表语从句中间不可以省略。而在主语从句中,有时是可以省略的。

What the police want to know is when you entered the room.

  警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。

The trouble is that we are short of funds.

  我们的困难是缺乏资金。

This is what we should do.

  这是我们应当做的。

That's why I want you to work there.

  那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。

His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet.

  他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。

The truth is (that) I didn`t go to school today.

  真相是我今天没有去学校。

as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。

She seems as if she had done a great thing.

  她看起来好像做了一件大事。

It is because you eat too much.

  那是因为你吃得太多了。

ing形式作表语

ing形式作表语表示泛指意义的动作,不定式作表语表示一次性的动作。

My hobby is growing flowers.

  我的爱好是种花。

My favourite sport is playing tennis.

  我喜爱的运动是打网球。

比较:

What I am going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.

  我今天下午要做的事是打网球。

ing形式作表语:

注意事项

在句型"主 + 系 + 表"中,若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时,主语和表语要取得一致。如:主语

是ing形式表语也应是ing形式,主语是不定式时表语也应是不定式。

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Seeing is believing.

  To see is to believe.

  眼见为实。

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(误) Seeing is to believe.

ing形式作定语

ing形式可以作名词的前置定语,ing形式短语作后置定语。

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ing形式作前置定语

a swimming pool

a teaching method

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ing形式短语作后置定语

Do you know the man standing at the entrance?

  你认识站在入口处的那个人吗?

There were a lot of people boating on the lake.

  湖上有许多正在划船的人。

虚拟语气:表语从句

主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,

作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。

My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.

  我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。

Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.