with复合结构改写/英语语法

Question

My mother is ill ，so I won't be able to go on holiday.
An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.

Answer 1

With my mother being ill, I won't be able to go on holiday.
With an exam to be held tomorrow, I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
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With my mother ill, I won't be able to go on holiday.

With an exam held tomorrow, I couldn't go to the cinema tonight. 行吗？

Answer 2

“with + 逻辑主语 + 分词/形容词/不定式/名词/与介词同形的小品副词”是一种用作状语的特殊独立主格结构（这种结构的with 也可以省略）

1、My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday 是前因后果的句子，其中 My mother is ill 是后面 so I won't be able to go onholiday 的原因，可以去掉 so 把前面部分改为原因状语从句 because my mother is ill，而独立主格结构也可以表示原因，所以又可以进一步改写如下：

　　With my mother ill, I won't be able to go on holiday.
　　或 I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother ill.

2、同上，An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn'tgo to the cinema tonight 一句中 An exam will be held tomorrow 也表示原因，不同的是其中谓语动词是将来时态，在独立主格结构中需要用不定式：

　　With An exam to be held tomorrow, I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
　　或 I couldn't go to the cinema tonight with An exam to be held tomorrow.追问

所以从第二句来看，过去分词，只能表示被动
而不定式子可以表示被动+将来 ？

追答

是这样的。

现在分词表示逻辑主语的主动行为

过去分词表示逻辑主语的接受的行为（被动）

不定式表示逻辑主语的未来行为


形容词表示逻辑主语的特征

名词表示逻辑主语的属性、身份等

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