Reading has two types, one is recreation type, is obtaining a type.
Pastime reading like other pastimes, is a human in order to adjust the height of the physical and psychological tension, relieve tiredness and a kind of spiritual activity. Pastime reading for reading subject knowledge accomplishment, aesthetic ability does not make excessive demands, as long as have the realistic, empirical knowledge of the people can be engaged in the reading. Reading main body does not attempt to reading material cutting depth and interpretation, not for aesthetic purposes, but not to ask to read the text in depth reading and thinking the creative new ideas, but it is expressed in the process of reading level and consumption. On the choice of reading material, reading subject is from feeling and interest, and rarely consider the text value and artistic value thought.
Acquired reading can be divided into two types. The first is with pastime reading diametrically opposite. In the face of reading the text, reading main body attitude is obtained by reading knowledge, enlighten the mind. In the process of reading for the text to convey the surface or shallow layer meaning of simple cognitive and master to meet, but eager to obtain new aesthetic experience and survival of enlightenment, and make our own spiritual realm and thought up into the hitherto unknown height. This reading of the super realistic utilitarian makes reading in reading the body becomes an indispensable and irreplaceable, the senior spiritual activities. This kind of reading with clear purpose, reading main body in the entry on the text before, do some preparation work, such as understanding and text knowledge about the information in the reading of the text, the receiving process, pay attention to refine, absorb and digest the text to convey new information, and then with the inherent thinking through the conflict, coexist and achieve integration degree. In the process of reading and ability training and knowledge to accept both.
Another access reading is actually a pastime reading extension, i.e. in the text of the reading process, originally held for recreational purposes is gradually from the text to obtain higher spiritual enjoyment and aesthetic expectations are replaced. This method of obtaining a reading than before, the purpose of desalination, for reading main body self-discipline demand is not high, the subject of reading the text from the shallower to the deeper cognition, hold and re-creation is composed of its own in the reading process of changing desires gradually lead and import. Therefore, on the subject of reading in the reading process of mental state, the more relaxed, and reading object between more full of tension, and therefore subject to object reading text initiative is also more prominent, more easy to reach for a text creative reading and interpretation necessary for the independent free state. Of course, this kind of reading to the reading main body oneself accomplishment, knowledge is more demanding. Because in the course of reading from the text, to get a feel for the reason of surface meaning above, shaded by the deep connotation, without sufficient knowledge and the esthetic ability is absolutely impossible.
If the text will appear to humans into civilized society, then, for word reading ability or not, can be used as a division of civilization and civilized people sign.
In our present university department of Chinese literature education, literary history, literature, the writer's life and creation research, while the writers are abstract and conceptual explanation, lack of targeted, to cultivate the students' aesthetic ability and thinking ability the experience introduction. The result is the abstract literature, writers and other ideological knowledge, students are familiar; as to the appreciation of literary works, in addition to a commonplace talk of an old scholar style theme theory, artistic characteristics on, again also could not say why, more do not talk to go up to obtain very high aesthetic enjoyment, or hypertext creative interpretation. Results make the fresh and vivid literary art, become dry didactic tools or wording templates, literary creation and appreciation of literature lost its idealism.
To change this situation, we have to pay more attention to the literature appreciation ability, should first concern is for reading instruction, we should make sure people's recreational reading, because it helps to cultivate people's reading interest and habit, and there is a need to advocate and encourage people to get reading; and then to make practical reading and reading program. For a bibliography compiled, in must be excellent works under the premise, as far as possible to compile some interesting, beautiful, charming, attractive works. Of course, the culture of people beyond the reality of utilitarian reading habits, proper guidance is indispensable. Because of the known as the classic and worthy of reading texts, have quite one part is beyond the range of ordinary readers, if there is no corresponding aesthetic ability and thinking ability, people often can not grasp the text itself, not to mention the understanding and absorbing the essence of the.
Reading is a long-term, days and months multiplying the influence character by environment, mental activity. Read influences an individual quality the most basic, most the part of core -- values, aesthetic values, moral values and outlook on life. Reading is not only a personal understanding of the world and the thinking process of the world, is also a personal spiritual self reflection process, namely by reading to self-examination, self-improvement, thus form the introspection and thinking habits, so it becomes very important to people.
阅读有两种类型，一种是消遣型的，一种是获得型的。
消遣型阅读如同其他消闲方式一样，是人类为调节高度紧张的身心，消除工作疲劳而进行的一种精神活动。消遣型阅读对于阅读主体的知识素养、审美能力不作过高要求，只要具备现实的、经验性常识的人皆可以从事此项阅读。阅读主体并不试图对阅读材料进行深度切入和阐释，也不是出于审美目的，更不是为了求得对阅读文本深度阅读和思考后所获得的富有创见的新思想，而是表现为阅读过程中的平面化和消费性。对阅读材料的选择，阅读主体更多是从感觉和兴趣出发，而很少考虑文本的思想价值和艺术价值。
获得型阅读又可分为两种类型。第一种是与消遣性阅读截然对立的。面对阅读文本，阅读主体所持的态度是通过阅读获得知识，启迪心智。在阅读过程中不以对于文本所传达出的表层或浅层意蕴作简单的认知和掌握为满足，而是渴望获得新的审美感受和生存启示，进而使自己的精神境界和思想飞升到前所未有的高度。这种阅读的超现实功利性使得阅读于阅读主体而言成为一种不可或缺、无可替代的高级精神活动。这一种阅读由于有着较为明确的目的，阅读主体在进入对文本接受之前，会做一些相关的准备工作，比如了解与文本有关的知识信息，在对阅读文本的接受过程中，注意提炼、吸收和消化文本传达出的新信息，进而将之与自身固有的思想经过冲突、并存而达到融合的程度。阅读过程中的知识接受和能力培养同时并重。
另一种获得型阅读其实是消遣性阅读的延伸，即在对于文本的阅读过程中，原本持有的消遣性目的逐步为从文本中获得更高的精神享受和审美感受的期望所取代。这一种获得型阅读较之前一种，目的性淡化，对于阅读主体的自律性要求不高，阅读主体对于文本由浅入深的认知、把握和再创造是由其自身在阅读过程中的不断变化的欲求逐步引领和导入的。因此，就阅读主体在阅读过程中的心理状态而言，更显放松，与阅读客体之间更富有张力，因而主体对于客体即阅读文本的能动性也更为突出，更易于臻至对于文本进行创造性阅读和阐释所必需的自主自由状态。当然，这种阅读对于阅读主体的自身素养、知识储备的要求更高。因为在阅读过程中，要想从文本中获得感觉之上的理性、表层意义遮蔽之下的深层内蕴，没有足够的知识储备和审美能力是断然不可能达到的。
如果说是文字的出现将人类送入了文明社会，那么，对于文字阅读能力的掌握与否，可以作为划分文明人与非文明人的标志。
在我们目前的大学中文系的文学教育中，重文学史、文学思潮、作家生平和创作研究，而对于作家作品则只是抽象化和概念化地讲解，缺乏有针对性的、能够培养学生审美能力和思考能力的经验介绍。结果是对于抽象的文学史、作家的作品等观念形态的知识，学生往往如数家珍；至于具体的文学作品的赏析，除了老生常谈式的主题论、艺术特色论之外，就再也说不出个所以然了，更谈不上获得极高的审美享受，或者进行超文本的创造性阐释了。结果使原本鲜活而生动丰富的文学艺术，变成了干巴巴的道德说教的工具或是遣词造句的范本，文学创作和文学欣赏失去了理想主义色彩。
要改变这种状况，就要重视对文学作品欣赏能力的培养，首先应关注的是对阅读的指导，既要肯定人们的消遣性阅读，因为这有助于培养人们的阅读兴趣和阅读习惯，又有必要提倡和鼓励人们进行获得型阅读；然后制订切实可行的阅读书目和阅读计划。对于阅读书目的编选，在肯定是优秀作品的前提下，尽可能编选一些有情趣的、优美的、有魅力的、有吸引力的作品。当然，在培养人们超越现实功利性的阅读习惯时，适当的引导也是必不可少的。因为在被称为经典而值得阅读的必读书目中，有相当一部分是超出普通读者的经验范围的，如果没有相应的审美能力和思维能力，人们便往往无从把握文本本身，更不用说理解和吸收其中的精华了。
阅读是一项长期的、日积月累的、潜移默化的精神活动。阅读影响着一个人素质中最基本、最核心的部分——价值观、审美观、道德观和人生观。阅读既是一个人了解世界和思考世界的过程，又是一个人心灵自我观照的过程，即通过阅读来反省自我、提升自我，从而养成内省和深思的习惯，因而它对于人的成长至关重要。
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