求英语作文中常用的关联词和句式

Question

求英语作文中常用的关联词和句式

Answer 1

一、 举例论证：
1. for example/for instance后面直接论述你自己的例子。（当然，如果有更好的说法，“尽量避免在文章中使用for example, such as, take……for example，因为口语化”
2. a variety of scientist/philosophy/cases illustrate this point/issue/phenomenon（well）
使用：对于核心词汇，illustrate的使用，特别是用在举例中，
它的意思是：to make clear by giving or by serving as an example or instance，可以看出，illustrate本身就必须和examples联系起来。
注意以下几个例句：
（1）A single example will serve to illustrate the point.
只举一个例子就可以把问题说清楚了。
（注意，serve to和illustrate结合使用）
（2）To illustrate my point I have done a comparative analysis.
为说明我的观点，我做了对比分析。
（3）Could you illustrate this question with some examples?
你能举些实例来说明这个问题吗？
（4） I think this can serve to illustrate New Democracy.
我想这可以比喻新民主主义。

3. sb./sth. /serves/can be used as/ a /typical/representative/ /example/illustration/.
4. a case in point is that……
5. as to the realm of ……(填入某一领域), the case of……（你所要举的例子）serves as a good example to illustrate.
6. While such examples are rear, the do occur occasionally, for example……（填入你的举例）
7. Paragons such as……, respectively, come immediately to my mind.
8. /History/The society/ /is replete with/abound in/brim over with/ examples of ……或者改写为There is abundant examples of…… in our life.
9. take a case of …… as an example
10. such as……
还有一些词和短语表达的虽然不完全是举例，但是是可以用来引出一段论证或例子的，也罗列在下面：
11. namely,adv. 即, 也就是(用于具体举例)：
例如：（1）Only one person can do the job, namely you.
只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。
12.regarding……(短语，因为本身是介词＝about)
（1）He knew nothing regarding the case.
关于这件事他一无所知。
13.as regards……（短语）
（1） As regards the second point in your letter...
关于你信中的第二点...
（2）As regards economic issues, he agreed with our view.
在经济问题上，他同意我们的看法。
（3）As regards that matter I'm quite of your opinion.
关于那件事，我很同意你的意见。
14.as to whether ……（句子）
（1）They are divided as to whether it is worth doing.
这事是否值得做，他们看法不一致。
（2）He's very uncertain as to whether it's the right job for him.
这件工作对他是否合适，他毫无把握。
（3）She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
她进退两难，不知该留在学校读书还是找份工作做。
15.in terms of……(加短语)
（1）To perceive in terms of past experiences.
凭借以往经验来察觉
（2）wealth reckoned in terms of money.
以钱币形式表现的财富。
16.in respect of……(加短语)
（1）Her work is good in respect of quality but bad in respect of quantity.
她的工作质量好但是数量差。
17.with respect to……(短语)
（1）To be like with respect to specified qualities.
相当在某些具体特质上与…相似
二、 引用：
（一） 引用的对象：
可以是名人名言，也可以是大众的话－用别人的嘴说出自己想说的话。
（二） 如何引用：
1. As sb. once said(and I paraphrase)
2. according to sb.,……(插入语，对这个sb.进行介绍)， once said……(名言),which is to say……（自己的论证）
3. （先引用名言）接下来说：Although I’m not a /student/specialist/ of ……（某行业／专业）, my understanding is that……（对名言的解释）
三、 引申论证：
四、 反证法：
五、 论证中的转折过渡：
1．……（正面说）however, as universally acknowledged, any good thing will become bad if going to its extreme,……（反面说）
2. …… serves as a two edged sword……
3./overextended/undue/ …… serves to be counterproductive or even harmful.
4.as a coin has two sides,……
5…… however, like anything /inchoate/incipient/……(说明弊端)此句用于说明新生事物的缺点

六、逻辑连接词：
（一）表示先后次序：
1. at this time
2. to begin with…… to sum up/in sum
3. previously
4. for one thing…… for another 用于说一个事物的两个方面
5. firstly……secondly……finally 其中finally也可以单独使用，表示最后一点的论述
6. simultaneously=at the same time
7. eventually=in the end=at last
8. last but not least
9. following this
10. proceeding this
（二）表因果关系：
1. being that:因为（写作中尽量少使用，因为是方言性质的词汇）
2. owing to=due to: because of, as a result of（是比较正规的表示“由于、因为”含义的词汇，建议多用due to因为出现的时间较晚，比较贴近现实）
3. for the reason that
4. in the view of=in regard to : in consideration of 考虑到，由于。
5. therefore
6. consequently=as a consequence=in consequence
7. hence : because of a preceding fact or premise=THEREFORE
8. accordingly=so=consequently
9. thereupon=whereupon=consequently
10. whereupon
11. because=because of
12. since
13. so
14. thus
（三）表转折关系：
1. yet=but
2. nevertheless=nonetheless: in spite of that=however（nonetheless出现的比nevertheless出现的晚）
3. however
4. despite that=in spite of
5. regardless of=in spite of（regardless of比in spite of 出现晚）
6. and yet
7. but yet（6，7类似于yet）
在议论文中常见的是在让步后加以转折，使文章显得更有条理，更有说服力,所以，下面顺带来说说表示让步的连接词：
1. naturally :（当然） according to the usual course of things : as might be expected 例句： We naturally dislike being hurt。
2. granted=granting that（假定……, 就算……）例句：Granted that you have some progress, you should not be conceited. 翻译：即使你有了一些进步，也不该骄傲。
3. of course
4. admittedly 例句： Admittedly, we took a chance. 翻译：必须承认，我们有投机心理。
5. provided=on conditions that
6. while it is true that……
（四）并列关系：
1. and
2. as well as
3. both……and……
4. either……or……
5. neither……nor……
6. again
7. also
（注意：借用表达同时含义的词也可以表达并列关系，如：at the same time, simultaneously）
（五）递进关系：
1. furthermore=besides : in addition to what precedes
2. moreover=besides=what is more
3. not……but……
4. in addition
5. additionally=furthermore
6. on one hand……on the other hand……（此词组也可以表示年个里并列、对比的含义）
7. not only……but also……
8. ……meanwhile……=meantime
9. likewise
10．further
（六）表类比关系：
之一：比较相同点：
1. in like manner
2. in comparison with
3. compared with
4. likewise=in like manner=similarly
5. in the same way
6. similarly
7. equally
8. just as
之二：比较不同点：
1. while
2. notwithstanding 例句：notwithstanding their inexperience, they were an immediate success
3. rather=instead 例句：It was no better but rather grew worse
4. rather than
5. on the contrary
6. whereas(而、却、反之) 例句：He is ill, whereas I am only a little tired.
7. in contrast=on the contrary

（七）表示强调：
1. in fact（其实，事实上）
2. especially（在后面直接跟上你要强调的内容）
3. particularly
4. in particular=specifically
5. moreover
6. in reality（实际上，事实上）
7. what is more important
8. indeed=in reality
9. not to mention（更不用说）
10. undoubtedly（毫无疑问的）
11. no doubt
12. without doubt
13. certainly
14. absolutely
（八）表示条件关系：
1. once…… ：一旦 例句：If one once losses confidence, he can never expect to do his work well. 翻译：一旦失去信心，就别想做好工作。
2. unless…… ：如果不，除非 例句：We shall not call the meeting unless absolutely possible. 翻译：除非绝对必要，我们将不召开会议。
3. if……（这个词我们太熟悉了，我就不举例子了）
4. lest……: for fear that 用法：often used after an expression denoting fear or apprehension 例句I was worried lest she should be late.
I hesitant to speak out lest he be fired.
5. provided (that)…… 例句：provided that circumstances permit 翻译：如果条件允许的话
6. if possible……（如果可能的话）
7. if so……（如果这样的话）
（九）表示总结：
1. to sum up
2. in sum
3. on the whole: 1) : in view of all the circumstances or conditions : all things considered 2) : in general : in most instances : TYPICALLY
4. in short: by way of summary=briefly
5. therefore
6. consequently
7. in brief
8. in conclusion
9. in summary
10. to conclude
11. in conclusion
12. at length : 1) : FULLY, COMPREHENSIVELY 2) : at last : FINALLY
13．to summarize
14. to put it in a nutshell
15. all in all
16. in all

Answer 2

英语关联词用法
英语关联词 —并列连词 1
并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系.
1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分.
1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this
week or next week
2)连接分句:I went and she also.
2.可分别表示下列关系.
1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe-
less
2) 因果:so, for, therefore
3) 选择r, either…or, neither…nor
英语关联词 —并列连接词 2
4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as
not only…but (also)
英语关联词 —关联词
关联词 用于引导从句.
1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is.
2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it
to you.
3.形容词从句:He's the best student I've
ever taught.
英语关联词 —连接词 1
关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键.
1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分.
1) that(无含义):
I said that he was wrong.
2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系):
I don't know whether it is correct.
英语关联词 —连接词 2
2.连接代词
1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和
定语.
A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语,
但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):
I asked him who came into the
room./ I asked him who(m) he saw
whom/which 做宾语:
Ask him which he wants.
英语关联词 —关联词 3
C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定
语:
I wonder whose house that is.
D. what 做上面提及的各种成分:
I don't know what I should do.
What can be done
2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语.
We can't decide whom to invite.
We must decide what to do.
I couldn't decide which to choose.
英语关联词 —关联词 4
3.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句
中做状语.
1) how: That's how I look at it.
2) where: I don't know where he lives.
3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.
4) why: I'll tell you why you have to
do it.
英语关联词 —关系词 1
4.关系代词
1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语
who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用
的介词):
The man who spoke is my teacher.
I don't know who he is.
The man who I saw told me that.
2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语:
The man whom I saw told me that.
英语关联词 —关系词 2
3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示
"某物的", 在从句中做定语:
That's the man whose son is my
pupil.
The room whose window faces south
is her bedroom.
The room of which the window faces
south is her bedroom.
英语关联词 —关系词 3
4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语:
I like the picture which was taken
in front of the main building.
5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注
意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法.
A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时:
This is the best film that I've
ever seen.
英语关联词 —关系词 4
B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时:
the first, the last, the only, the
same, the very, all, any, no,
every.
This is the last chance that you
have.
You are the only friend that I
have.
He told me all that he knew.
英语关联词 —关系词 5
C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时:
much, little, none, everything/body,
nothing, nobody.
There's nothing in the world that
can frighten him.
D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中
的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that.
Who that knows him would trust him
Which of these buses is the one
that goes to London
英语关联词 —关系词 6
E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时:
The man and the horse that fell
into the river were drowned.
6) 关系代词做介词宾语.
A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所
在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可
放在其所在的从句的句尾.
Is this the car for which you
paid a high price
英语关联词 —关系词 7
Is this the car which you paid
a high price for
Is this the car that you paid a
high price for
Is this the car you paid a high
price for
B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中)
"分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关
系代词的前面:
英语关联词 —关系词 8
The years during which he was away
were long years to her.
He wrote many books, some of which
C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必
须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前:
This is the book which he has been
looking for.
7)关系代词的省略.
A.关系代词作宾语时:
The girl I work with is coming.
英语关联词 —关系词 9
B.that在定语从句中做表语时:
He is not the man that he was
when I saw him first.
He is not the man he was when I
saw him first.
5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语.
1)where 地点:
That's one point where I'd like
your advice.
英语关联词 —关系词 10
2) when 时间:
At the time when I saw him, he was
ill.
3) why 原因:
That is the reason why I came so
early.
4) that 方式/时间/原因
I like the way that /in which he
did it.
英语关联词 —关系词 11
That was the first time (that) I saw
him.
The reason why/that he was dismissed
is not easy to explain.
5)in which/at which = where
This is the school in which/at which/
where he works.
6)for which = why
I don't the reason for which he left.
英语关联词 —关系词 12
7)on which = when
The day on which she was born was 22
September, 1988.本回答被网友采纳

Answer 3

because，so