1到N的平方和怎么推导

如题所述

1、1到N的平方和推导:1²+2²+3²+。。。+n²=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

由1²+2²+3²+。。。+n²=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

∵(a+1)³-a³=3a²+3a+1(即(a+1)³=a³+3a²+3a+1)

a=1时:2³-1³=3×1²+3×1+1

a=2时:3³-2³=3×2²+3×2+1

a=3时:4³-3³=3×3²+3×3+1

a=4时:5³-4³=3×4²+3×4+1

......

a=n时:(n+1)³-n³=3×n²+3×n+1

等式两边相加:

(n+1)³-1=3(1²+2²+3²+。。。+n²)+3(1+2+3+。。。+n)+(1+1+1+。。。+1)

3(1²+2²+3²+。。。+n²)=(n+1)³-1-3(1+2+3+。。。+n)-(1+1+1+。。。+1)

3(1²+2²+3²+。。。+n²)=(n+1)³-1-3(1+n)×n÷2-n

6(1²+2²+3²+。。。+n²)=2(n+1)³-3n(1+n)-2(n+1)

=(n+1)[2(n+1)²-3n-2]

=(n+1)[2(n+1)-1][(n+1)-1]

=n(n+1)(2n+1)

∴1²+2²+。。。+n²=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

2、1到N的立方和推导:1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=[n(n+1)/2]^2

推导: (n+1)^4-n^4=4n^3+6n^2+4n+1,

n^4-(n-1)^4=4(n-1)^3+6(n-1)^2+4(n-1)+1,

......

2^4-1^4=4*1^3+6*1^2+4*1+1,

把这n个等式两端分别相加,得:

(n+1)^4-1=4(1^3+2^3+3^3...+n^3)+6(1^2+2^2+...+n^2)+4(1+2+3+...+n)+n

由于1+2+3+...+n=(n+1)n/2,

1^2+2^2+...+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6,  

代人上式整理后得:

1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=[n(n+1)/2]^2

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