系动词是英语语法中一类特殊的动词,主要用于描述主语的状态、特征或变化。它们大致可以分为三类:
存在类,如be, look, feel, seem, appear, prove, smell, taste和sound等,这些动词强调主体的存在或具备某种性质,如"The story sounds true" 和 "Those oranges taste good"。
持续类,如remain, keep, stay, continue和stand,表示状态或情况的延续,如"It will stay fresh for several days" 和 "The store remains closed"。
变化类,如become, turn, grow和go,强调从一种状态转变为另一种,如"Don't put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad"。
使用系动词时需注意以下要点:
某些连系动词,如feel和taste,一般不用于被动语态和进行时态。
连系动词通常与形容词或分词(如:soft, busy, soft, interesting等)搭配作表语,如"You should be careful"。
有些连系动词可与名词作表语,如"remain teacher" 和 "population growth",但turn后接名词时,通常不加冠词,如"Twenty years later, he turned teacher"。
连系动词也可以与不定式(to do或to be)搭配,如"It remains to be seen" 和 "Peter proved to be"。