Antigen-Binding Cassette transporter : a membrane transport system consisting of three proteins, one hydrolyzes ATP as an energy source to drive the transport event, one binds the substrate on the outside of the cell, and one functions as the transport channel through the membrane
Chemotaxis: movement of an organism toward (positive) or away (negative) from a chemical gradient Chloroplast: the chlorophyll-containing photosynthetic organelle of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms
Chromosome: a DNA molecule, usually circular in prokaryotes and linear in eukaryotes, carrying genes essential to cellular function Cytoplasmic: membrane the permeability barrier of the cell, separating the cytoplasm from the environment
Endospore: a highly heat-resistant, thick-walled, differentiated cell produced by certain gram-positive Bacteria Eukaryote: a cell containing a membrane-enclosed nucleus and usually other organelles
Flagellum：a long, thin cellular appendage capable of rotation in prokaryotic cells and responsible for swimming motilit
Gas vesicles：gas-filled cytoplasmic structures bounded by protein and coriferring buoyancy on cells
Gram-negative：a prokaryotic cell whose cell wall contains relatively little peptidoglycan but contains an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and other complex macromolecules Gram-positive；a prokaryotic cell whose cell wall consists chiefly of peptidoglycan and lacks the outer membrane of gram-negative cells
Group translocation: an energy-dependent transport process in which the substance transported is chemi-cally modified during the transport process Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) : lipid in combination with polysaccharide and protein forming the major portion of the cell wall in gram-negative Bacteria
Magnetosomes: particles of magnetite (Fe3O4) organized into nonunit membrane-enclosed structures in the cytoplasm of magnetotactic Bacteria Mitochondrion (mitochondria): an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells in which respiration and energy generation occurs
Nucleoid: an aggregated state of the circular chromosome of prokaryotic cells Nucleus: a membraned-enclosed structure in cells of Eukarya that contains the genetic material, arranged in chromosomes
Organelle: a unit membrane-enclosed structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells Peptidoglycan: a polysaccharide composed of alternating repeats of acetylglucosamine and acetylmuramic acid with the latter in adjacent layers cross-linked by short peptides