英语语法讲解一般过去时

如题所述

一、一般过去时的概念:
一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年,等。
二、一般过去时的结构:(可分4类不同的结构)
1.Be动词的一般过去时
(1)在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were
(2)肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.
I was very shy two years ago.
(3)否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.
I was not very shy two years ago.
(4)一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?
Were you very shy two years ago?
注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。
2. 实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.
肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它
I ate breakfast 2 hours ago.
否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】
I did not eat breakfast 2 hours ago.
一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?
Did you eat breakfast 2 hours ago?
注:did和didn’t 是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。
3. 情态动词的一般过去时态
含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。
肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它.
She could sing well when she was young.
否定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.
She could not sing well when she was young.
一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?
Could she sing well when she was young?
注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will-would,should-should.
4.特殊疑问句式:
特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?
Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?
What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?
三、 一般过去时的判断标志词
yesterday , the day before yesterday , last + 时间 , this morning
时间 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 .
四、规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。
look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。
live→lived use→used
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。
study→studied try→tried fly→flied
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。
stop→stopped  plan→planned prefer→preferred
5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
五、 一般过去时的基本用法
1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He suddenly fell ill last night.
他昨晚突然病倒了。
2.表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。常和often经常,always总是,once a week一周一次,等表示频度的时间状语连用。
She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school.
她上学时每个月去看一场电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.
我在乡下时经常在河边散步。
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第1个回答  2022-06-25

  一般过去时是英语语法中的一个时态分类,现在我们把它细化来说。下面是我给大家整理的英语语法讲解一般过去时,供大家参阅!

  英语语法讲解:一般过去时表示现在

  在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,一般过去时可以表示现在。如:

  I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)

  I didn't know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)

  另外,在某些特殊句式中,一般过去时也可以表示现在。如

  It's time we started. 我们该动身了。

  I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。

  I'd rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。

  英语语法讲解:用一般过去时代替完成时

  1) 构成will / be going to do sth.

  2) 概念

  a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。

  b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。

  They will have been married for 20 years by then.

  You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

  英语语法讲解:一般过去时的用法

  1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

  时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

  Where did you go just now?

  2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

  When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

  Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

  3)句型:

  It is time for sb. to do sth  "到……时间了"  "该……了"

  It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"  "早该……了"

  It is time for you to go to bed.  你该睡觉了。

  It is time you went to bed.   你早该睡觉了。

  would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'

  I'd rather you came tomorrow.

  4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

  I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

  比较:

  一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。

  Christine was an invalid all her life.

  (含义:她已不在人间。)

  Christine has been an invalid all her life.

  (含义:她现在还活着)

  Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

  (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

  Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

  ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

  注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

  1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

  Did you want anything else?

  I wondered if you could help me.

  2)情态动词 could, would.

  Could you lend me your bike?

  英语语法讲解:一般过去时的结构

  一、构成方法

  一般过去时用动词的过去式构成,即在动词原形后加ed。

  二、用法说明

  1、表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。如:

  He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。

  What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?

  2、在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如:

  We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。

  注:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。如:

  He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn't now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。

  Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。

  3、表示主语过去的特征或性格。如:

  At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。

  4、用在状语从句中表示过去将来。如:

  He said he would wait until they came back.

  5、一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。如:

  I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。

  6、有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。如:

  I didn't know you were here. 没想到你在这里。

  注意:

  1. 表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。如:

  He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。

  2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不……”。如:

  —Your phone number again? I didn't quite catch it. —It's 2566666. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。是2566666。