Spread（英语单词）
双解释义
vt. & vi. 伸开,展开,摊开 become wider
vt. & vi. 传播,散布 (cause to) become
widely known
基本要点
1.spread的基本意思是“伸开”,指把卷或叠着的东西展开或向四面八方扩大范围,强调有目的地均匀撒开。所涉及的空间范围可大可小;
可以计算,也可能无法计算。也可指在某物表面上敷上薄薄一层东西,引申可指某物“变得更流行”。
2.spread既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,其宾语可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词。有时也可接以形容词、过去分词、动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。
3.spread可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化为介词for的宾语。
4.spread的宾语后接介词on引起的短语,表示“把…铺在或涂在…上”;
接介词with引起的短语,表示“用…铺满或涂满”。
固定搭配
spread+名词
传播疾病 spread disease
撒上石灰 spread lime
播放新闻 spread the news
散布谣言 spread the rumours
铺上桌布 spread the table
cloth
展开翅膀 spread the wings
扬言 spread the word
～+副词
spread breathlessly 匆忙伸开
spread cautiously 小心翼翼地伸开
spread conscientiously
诚心诚意地传播
spread daringly 大胆地传播
spread dramatically
出人意料地传播
spread emphatically 重点传播
spread energetically
充满活力地伸开
spread eventually 最终展开
spread extemporaneously
临时地传播
spread falteringly 犹豫地散布
spread fully 全面蔓延
spread gracefully 优雅地伸开
spread hesitatingly
犹豫不决地伸开
spread hurriedly 匆匆地传播
spread ignobly 不光彩地传播
spread immediately 立即伸开
spread inadvertently
非故意地展开
spread ingeniously 巧妙地伸开
spread insidiously
不知不觉地蔓延
spread instinctively
本能地传播
spread moderately 适度传播
spread mysteriously 秘密地伸开
spread officially 正式传播
spread partially 部分展开
spread peacefully 平静地伸开
spread philosophically
冷静地伸开
spread politely 彬彬有礼地伸开
spread regionally 区域性传播
spread regularly 定期地传播
spread religiously 传播宗教
spread reluctantly 不情愿地传播
spread ruthlessly 无情地蔓延
spread satisfactorily
满意地伸开
spread scathingly 不留情地蔓延
spread scrupulously 谨慎地伸开
spread selectively 有选择地传播
spread spaciously 宽敞地展开
spread strenuously 艰难地传播
spread temporarily 暂时伸开
spread thoughtlessly
轻率地传播
spread unceremoniously
无礼地伸开
spread unconsciously
下意识地传播
spread unhesitatingly
毫不犹豫地展开
spread usefully 有效地传播
spread viciously 恶意地传播
spread voluntarily 自动传播
spread about 传播,传开去,散放着
spread about on the desk
(文件)散放在写字台上
spread the news about
把此消息传出去
spread around that story
散布传说
spread out 伸张,铺开,扩展,展开,摊开
spread out arms 伸开双臂
spread out fingers 把五指伸开
～+介词
spread beyond the walls of the
college 传到大学外边
spread for hundreds of miles
绵延数百英里
spread from...to 从…传到…
spread from mouth to mouth
众口流传
spread on 在…上涂
spread butter on bread
在面包上涂黄油
spread over 传遍,遍布,延续,覆盖
spread over the city
(消息)传遍全城
spread through the village
传遍全村
spread to 蔓延到
spread to the houses nearby
蔓延至附近的居民
spread to the other buildings
(大火) 蔓延到别的建筑
spread with 用…涂…
spread with butter 在…上涂黄油
spread with jam 用果酱涂…
spread with wild flowers
野花烂漫
spread like wildfire v.
象野火般迅速传播
辨析
spread,
circulate, diffuse, disseminate, expand, extend, propagate,
radiate
这组词都有“延伸”“延长”“伸展”“展开”的意思。其区别是：
1.spread指向四面八方扩大范围。
2.circulate指无拘无束地或不间断地传播、散布到各处。例如:
She opened a window to allow
the air to circulate.她打开窗户使空气流通。
3.disseminate指到处传播思想、理论等。例如:
They use the press to
disseminate right wing views.他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点。
4.diffuse指光线、声音、气味等在空中传送或散布。例如:
Light diffused from the
window.光从窗户射进来。
5.extend指延展物体的长度、宽度,延伸或扩大某一事物,以及延长时间、期限等,也指伸开四肢或躯体。例如:
They extended the road for
three more miles.他们把那条路又延长了三英里多。
The headmaster extended our
holidays by a week.校长把我们的假期延长了一个星期。
6.expand指扩大面积或体积,也指把合拢的东西放开(即三维)。例如:
This county has expanded its
area under cultivation by more than 50,000 mu.该县扩大了50,000亩耕地。
Heat expands
metals.热使金属膨胀。
He does exercises to expand his
chest.他做体操扩胸。
7.propagate通常指宣传某种信念、看法或传播某种言论,以使更多的人相信或参与。例如:
We should not only learn
knowledge, but also propagate it.我们不仅应学习知识,而且应传播它。
The Greek civilization was
propagated all over Europe.希腊文明传播至整个欧洲。
8.radiate指从中心向四面八方散发,是技术用语,特指光或热的辐射。例如:
The sun radiates light and
heat.太阳放射光和热。
The electric heater radiated
warmth.电暖器散发出热量。
spread,
scatter
这两个词都有“散布”“撒开”的意思。其区别是：
1.spread强调有目的地均匀涂抹、撒开。其宾语可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词。
2.scatter强调随意性和无规律性,其宾语则只能是具体名词。例如:
The police scattered the
disorderly crowd.警察驱散了骚乱的人群。
The thundershower had
temporarily scattered the swimmers.雷阵雨暂时驱散了游泳的人。
?下列各组中的句意相同：
We spread the butter on the
bread at dinner.
We spread the butter over the
bread at dinner.
We spread the bread with butter
at dinner.
吃饭时我们把黄油涂在面包上。
Spread some newspapers on the
floor to
catch the dust.
Spread some newspapers over the
floor
to catch the dust.
Spread the floor with some
newspapers
to catch the dust.
在地板上铺些报纸来挡尘土。
2用作名词编辑
双解释义
S 传播,蔓延 the act or action of spreading
C
幅度,范围 a range or area over which sth spreads
U 涂抹食品的酱 a soft food for spreading on bread,
etc.
C 整版的文章,整版的广告 a newspaper or magazine
article or advertisement usually covering one or more pages and with
pictures
基本要点
1.spread用作名词时基本意思是“传播,蔓延”,引申可指“酒席”“(一片)广阔的土地或水域”“涂抹食品的酱”等,通常用单数形式。
2.spread作“(延伸的)长度，大小，范围”“整版的文章,整版的广告”解时,是可数名词。
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