英语虚拟从句

英语虚拟从句用法

虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:
I suggest that we(should)set off at once.
The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.
I wish I were as strong as you.
I would rather that you hadn”t told him.
       

虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
 It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.
 It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.
虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
 在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
 Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.
 My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.
 Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?

虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
 在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
 They talked as if they had been friends for years.
 She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.
 He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.
虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
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第1个回答  2013-12-16
一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
(一)形式
注:
1.在从句中,be动词多用were的形式。在口语中,如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话,be动词可用was,但人们总是说:If I were you...
2.主句中的谓语可以由would,should,could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语有三种不同的形式:过去式、were +to do或should +do。
例句1:If I were you,I would study hard.我要是你的话,我就会好好学习。(与现在事实相反)
例句2:If I had studied hard,I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话,那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。(与过去事实相反)
例句3:If Iwere to pass CET-6,I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试,就请你去吃肯德基。(与将来事实相反)
(二)省略/倒装
如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have,则可把if省略,把上类动词提到主语之前,使用倒装语序。
例句4:Had it not been for the PLA,we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军,我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5:Were he here now,he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。
注4:例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not,如果把该句还原成正常语序,应该是:
If it hadn’t been for the PLA,we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.
但是一旦句子发生了省略,就必须把hadn’t分开,否定词not还原,放在主语之后,不可写成Hadn’t it been for的形式。
注5:在虚拟条件从句中,动词be在正常语序中常用were,在口语中,当主语是第一、第三人称单数时,可用was,但在if的倒装句中,必须用were。
(三)错综时间条件句
有时,从句和主句中所表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的,这时就要根据其所表示的时间来进行调整。
例句6:If I were you,I would have gone to see the doctor.我要是你,我早就去看病了。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反)
例句7:If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要早去看病,你现在就没事了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
(四)含蓄条件句
虚拟的条件有时可以不用条件从句来表示,而是通过某些介词短语来表达。
例句8:But for the English test,I would have gone home this week.6要不是英语测试,我这个礼拜就回家了。
注6:除了but for(要不是)以外,能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语还包括:but that(要不是)、without(没有)、otherwise(否则)、or(不然)、under...circumstances(在……的情况下)、in the past(在过去)等等。
二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
(一)宾语从句
1.wish后的宾语从句
例句9:I wish I were as young as you.7我希望自己像你一样年轻。
注7:wish从句后使用虚拟语气时,动词的形式根据所表示的时间概念而采用不同形式:过去时(与现在相反)、过去完成时(与过去事实相反)或过去将来时(与将来事实相反)。
2.would rather和would sooner后的宾语从句
两个词组都表示宁愿、宁可的意思,后面如用宾语从句,动词采用过去时(与现在或将来事实相反)或过去完成时(与过去事实相反)。
例句10:I’d rather I hadn’t met you.8我宁愿从来就没遇见过你。