UUnit 1
Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.
1. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o’clock in the afternoonwere standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.
（...and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride…这句的动词wear 后面带两个宾语，中文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成四个中文短句；翻译like medals proving their diligence时，采用“增词法”增加“这些”来概括前面所描写的“眼袋”，“脸色苍白”，“睡眼惺忪”等，使译文含义更加清晰流畅。）
我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。
2. Tomorrow? It’s all a lie; there isn’t a tomorrow. There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. It doesn’t even exist. When you wake up in the morning it’ll be today again and all the same rules will apply. Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so unless we start planting some seeds. Your time, which is ticking away as we speak (at about 60 seconds a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you don’t invest your time wisely), will be gone and you’ll have nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and “would haves”.
（本段的难点在于对一些词的理解与翻译，如 an empty field that will remain so, chronologically, invest your time wisely, have nothing to show for it but 等等。“could haves”, “should haves”, “would haves” 是表达与事实相反的条件句，指自己没有做，但有可能或应该做的事情。）
明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀塔地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”、“本应该做”、“本来会做”的事情。
Translate the paragraphs into English.(P19)
中国有一句话，叫“人贵有自知之明”。这个观念的最早提出者是老子。老子在《道德经》里说“知人者智，自知者明”。有“自知之明”是指人应该对自己有正确的认识，了解自身的优点和缺点，清醒地知道自己能做什么。我们把人的自知视为“贵”，可见做到“自知”是多么的不易。“自知之明”是一种人生哲学，也是一种品德。它可以帮助我们不断地修正自己，朝着更高的人生目标迈进。
As the Chinese saying goes, it is important to know oneself. The first person to put forward this notion was Laozi, who wrote in his book Dao De Jing: “A person who knows others is intelligent, but a person who knows himself is insightful.” To know oneself is to have a correct understanding of oneself, including one’s strengths and limitations, and to be clear-minded about what one can do. We cherish this virtue so much precisely because it is really hard for people to know themselves. Knowing oneself is both part of a philosophy of life and a virtue that can facilitate self-improvement and attainment of a higher life goal.
Unit 2
Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.
In contrast, children on the Pacificisland of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older siblings. They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call it). They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten. Children are thought of as mischievous; they cry or want to feed simply because they are naughty, and beatings are at their most severe between the ages ofthree andfive when children are seen as particularly wilful. Parents believe that social competence can only be achievedthrough discipline and physical punishment, and treat their children in ways that have seemed very harsh to outsiders.
（In contrast … studied by Helen…, are regularly beaten by...这段话里有多处被动用法，有些译成中文时仍保留被动态，有些则应该变成主动，否则译文就不通顺。）
相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研究，太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。人们认为儿童和成人相比更像疯子，因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称之为poto）。小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵斥，甚至被打。人们认为儿童很顽皮，都是因为淘气他们才哭闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，三至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此他们打这个年龄段的孩子也打得最狠。父母们相信，只有靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力，所以他们用一种在外人看来非常严厉的方式对待孩子。
Translate the paragraphs into English.(P41)
与父辈相比，现在的孩子在物质生活上要丰富得多，但在精神上则略有欠缺。他们不太可能和伙伴们一起玩，玩具取代伙伴成了他们最忠实的朋友。他们的父母从不缺钱给他们买各种贵重玩具。这样的好处是：他们不再整天缠着父母，因为玩具和电子游戏减轻了他们的孤独感。但也有负面影响：沉迷于玩具和电子游戏会让孩子视力下降或者让他们不愿意与别人交流。这种现象应引起家长和学校的关注。
Compared with the childhood of their parents, children now do enjoy a far better material life, but their emotional life seems less satisfying. They are less likely to play with their peers, for toys have replaced their playmates as their most loyal friends. Their parents can always afford to buy them all kinds of expensive toys. The good thing about this is that they no longer pester their parents to play with them all day long, because toys and video games have lessened their feelings of loneliness. But there are also negative effects: The addiction to toys and video games may cause a child’s eyesight to deteriorate or result in reluctance to communicate with others. These phenomena should demand the attention of both parents and schools.
Unit 3
Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.
Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme, one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?
可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听其中的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很快也会意识到你越觉得某个主题美妙，就越难找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这个悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲伤，还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？
Translate the paragraphs into English.(P63)
在敦煌莫高窟，最著名的艺术杰作要数壁画“飞天”（flying apsaras）。敦煌飞天是印度文化和中国文化共同孕育而成的。在印度，被称为“飞天”的空中飞行的天神（celestial beings）多出现在佛教石窟壁画（grotto mural）中，中国道教传统则把在空中飞行的天神称为“飞仙”（flying immortals）。魏晋南北朝时，佛教初传入中国，壁画中的飞仙开始被称为“飞天”。后来，随着佛教在中国的深入发展，佛教的飞天和道教的飞仙在艺术形象上相互融合。敦煌莫高窟的飞天是中国古代艺术家的杰作，是世界艺术史的奇迹。
In the Mogao caves in Dunhuang, the murals with “flying apsaras” are one of the most well-knownartefacts. The flying apsaras in the Dunhuang Grotto Murals are a product of the intermixing of Indian and Chinese culture. In India, flying celestial beings called “flying apsaras” appear mostly in murals in Buddhist caves, while in the Chinese Daoist tradition, flying celestial beings are known as “flying immortals”. During the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern dynasties, when the introduction of Buddhism in China was at an early stage, people began to use the term “flying apsaras” to refer to the flying immortals in the murals. Later, with the development of Buddhism in China, the artistic images of Buddhist flying apsaras and Daoist flying immortals merged with each other. The flying apsaras in the DunhuangGrotto Murals are a most ingenious creation of ancient Chinese artists, and a marvel in the history of world art.
Unit 8
Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.
1. True story? Probably not. It’s a classic example of what’s called in many languages an urban myth. An urban myth is a story you hear by word of mouth. It usually describes something which might have happened, an apocryphal, second-hand story told as if it were true, just about plausible enough to be credible, about some event which has supposedly happened to a real person. Factual or not, it’s likely to rely on expert storytelling and on a trustworthy source, such as “It happened to my brother’s friend’s mother.”
(It usually describes … to a real person. 这一句有很多补语，其顺序不太符合中文的习惯，可以做一些调整。最后一句是无主句，逻辑上不太容易理清，需要加字。)
这是真事吗？很可能不是。这是在很多语言中被称为都市神话的一个典型例子。都市神话是你通过口耳相传听来的故事，讲述的是一些可能发生过的事情，一个杜撰的，从别处听来的故事，却被当作真事来讲，听起来像真的似的。不论是真是假，都市神话依赖的是讲故事的技巧以及来源的可靠性，比如“这件事发生在我弟弟的朋友的母亲的身上。”
2. He stooped down to drink, and saw his own image in the water; he thought it was some beautiful water-spirit living in the fountain. He stood gazing with admiration at those bright eyes, these locks curled like the locks of Bacchus or Apollo, the rounded cheeks, the ivory neck, the parted lips and the glow of health and exercise over all. He fell in love with himself. He brought his lips near to take a kiss; he plunged his arms in to embrace the beloved object. It fled at the touch, but returned again after a moment and renewed the fascination. He could not tear himself away; he lost all thought of food or rest, while he hovered over the brink of the fountain gazing upon his own image.
（这段话文学性较强，翻译的时候要注意用词，以体现那喀索斯的美及原文的节奏。）
正当他俯身饮泉水时，他看见了水中自己的倒影，却以为那是一个住在水中的美丽水精灵。他满怀爱意地注视着水中那双明亮的眼眸，那像巴克斯和阿波罗一样卷曲的秀发，圆润的面颊，象牙般的雪白脖颈，微启的双唇，还有全身散发出的健康与活力。他爱上了自己，俯身去吻水中的影子；他把双手伸入水中去拥抱这个心爱之物。那影子一碰就立刻消失得无影无踪，但过一会又出现了，再一次让他心驰神迷。他不舍得离开，茶饭不思，徘徊在泉边凝视着自己的倒影。
Translate the paragraphs into English. (P173)
古希腊神话的最大特点就是神和人形相同、习相近。古希腊人按照人的形象来创造神，神有人的感情欲望。而中国古代神话中的神大多距离人类生活较远。中国神话中正面形象的神多具有崇高的品格、伟大的志向以及为实现伟大理想而斗争的不屈不挠的精神。他们承担着维护宇宙秩序的崇高责任，是社会道德的楷模。可以说中国古代神话中的神多具有超凡脱俗的品格，神性多于人性。
The most important characteristic of ancient Greek mythology is that gods and humans are similar, both in physical appearance and personality. Ancient Greeks created their gods in their own image, and their gods have human emotions and desires. In Chinese mythology, however, the life of the gods is very different from that of humans. The good gods in Chinese mythology have a noble character, express great aspirations, and show perseverance in fighting for great ideals. They have the noble duty of maintaining the order of the universe; they are so
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