第1个回答 2010-08-23
高一化学关于金属及其化合物的方程式
"第三章金属及其化合物-1-碱金属Na(活泼)"
1,"钠露置空气中变暗","4Na+O2=2Na2O"
2,"钠的燃烧","2Na+O2=Na2O2(淡黄色)"
3,"钠投入水中","2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑"
4,"钠投入硫酸铜溶液中","2Na+2H2O+CuSO4=Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑"
5,"氧化钠的化学性质","Na2O+H2O==2NaOH"
,,"Na2O+CO2==Na2CO3"
6,"过氧化钠的化学性质(强氧化性)","2Na2O2+2H2O==4NaOH+O2↑"
,,"2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2"
,,"Na2O2+SO2==Na2SO4"
7,"碳酸钠的性质","Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3"
,,"Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+CO2↑+H2O"
8,"碳酸氢钠与酸,碱反应,不稳定性","NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2↑+H2O"
,,"NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O"
,,"2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O"
9,"焰色反应操作步骤","先要灼烧铂丝成无色,做完一种离子的鉴别后,要用盐酸洗,再灼烧至无色,再检验第二种离子."
10,"钠,钾的焰色","钠:黄色钾:紫色(透过蓝色钴玻璃观察)"
"第三章金属及其化合物-2-金属铝Al(两性)"
1,"铝的性质(强还原性,与酸,碱反应都放H2)
,,"2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2↑"
,,"2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑"
2,"氧化铝的性质(两性,与酸,碱反应生成盐和水)","Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O"
,,"Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O"
3,"氢氧化铝的性质(两性,与酸,碱反应生成盐和水)","Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O"
,,"Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O"
4,"硫酸铝与氨水","Al2(SO4)3+6NH3•H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3(NH4)2SO4"
5,"氢氧化铝受热分解","2Al(OH)3=Al2O3+3H2O"
"第三章金属及其化合物-3-金属铁Fe(变价)"
1,"铁在氧气中燃烧","3Fe+2O2=Fe3O4"
2,"铁与硫","Fe+SFeS"
3,"铁与氯气","2Fe+3Cl2=2FeCl3"
4,"红热的铁与水蒸气","3Fe+4H2O(g)=Fe3O4+4H2↑"
5,"用铁湿法制铜","Fe+CuSO4=FeSO4+Cu"
6,"氧化亚铁与盐酸","FeO+2HCl=FeCl2+H2O"
7,"氧化铁与盐酸","Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O"
8,"Fe(OH)3制取","FeCl3+3NaOH===Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl"
9,"Fe(OH)2制取","FeSO4+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2↓+2H2O"
10,"置露空气中","4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3"
11,"氢氧化铁的不稳定性","2Fe(OH)3=Fe2O3+3H2O"
12,"铜与氯化铁溶液","Cu+2FeCl3=CuCl2+2FeCl2(雕刻铜线路版)"
13,"氯化亚铁中通氯气","2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3"
14,"三价铁遇硫氰化钾","Fe3+3SCN-=Fe(SCN)3(红色)"
15,"赤铁矿炼铁","Fe2O3+3CO2=Fe+3CO2"
"第四章非金属及其化合物-1-无机非金属材料的主角—硅"
1,"硅的燃烧","Si+O2=SiO2"
2,"制粗硅","SiO2+2C=Si+2CO"
3,"制碳化硅","SiO2+3C=SiC+2CO"
4,"硅与氢氧化钠","Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2↑"
5,"SiO2与氢氧化钠溶液","SiO2+2NaOH==Na2SiO3+H2O"
6,"二氧化硅与氢氟酸","SiO2+4HF=SiF4↑+2H2O"
7,"硅酸钠制硅酸","Na2SiO3+2HCl==H2SiO3↓+2NaCl"
,,"Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3↓+2Na2CO3"
8,"硅酸的不稳定性","H2SiO3=H2O+SiO2"
9,"制水泥的原料","粘土和石灰石(CaCO3)"
10,"制玻璃的原料","纯碱,石灰石,石英"
"第四章非金属及其化合物2,富集在海水中的元素—氯"
1,"氯气与金属(钠,铜,铁反应)","2Na+Cl2=2NaCl(白烟)"
,,"Cu+Cl2=CuCl2(棕色烟)"
,,"2Fe+3Cl2=2FeCl3(棕黄色烟)"
2,"氯气与氢气混合光照","H2+Cl2=2HCl(白雾)"
3,"氯气使有色布条褪色","Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO(HCLO有强氧化性)"
4,"次氯酸的不稳定性","2HClO=2HCl+O2↑"
5,"氯气尾气的吸收","Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O"
6,"漂白粉制取","2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=Ca(ClO)2+CaCl2+2H2O"
7,"漂白粉久置失效","Ca(ClO)2+CO2+H2O=CaCO3↓+2HClO"
8,"氯气的置换反应","2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2"
,,"Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2(湿润的KI淀粉试纸变蓝)"
9,"实验室制氯气","MnO2+4HCl(浓)MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O"
10,"氯离子检验","Ag++Cl-=AgCl↓"
11,"照相底片成像原理","2AgBr=2Ag+Br2"
"第四章非金属及其化合物-3-硫和硫的化合物"
1,"硫与铜的反应","Cu+SCu2S"
2,"硫的化学性质(与铁,汞等金属和氢气,氧气等非金属的反应","Fe+SFeS"
,,"Hg+S=HgS"
,,"H2+S=H2S"
,,"S+O2=SO2"
3,"SO2(与水反应和与O2催化氧化","SO2+H2O=H2SO3"
4,,"2SO2+O2=2SO3"
5,"三氧化硫溶于水","SO3+H2O=H2SO4"
6,"二氧化硫通入氯水","SO2+Cl2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl"
5,"浓硫酸的强氧化性(铜,碳的反应","Cu+2H2SO4(浓)=CuSO4+SO2↑+H2O"
,,"C+2H2SO4(浓)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O"
"第四章非金属及其化合物-4-氮和氮的化合物"
1,"工业合成氨","N2+3H2=2NH3"
2,"雷雨发庄稼","N2+O2=2NO"
,,"2NO+O2=2NO2"
,,"3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO↑"
3,"氮的固定(固氮)","把N2转变成氮的化合物的反应"
4,"NO与O2完全溶于水","4NO+3O2+2H2O=4HNO3"
5,"NO2与O2完全溶于水","4NO2+O2+2H2O=4HNO3"
6,"铜与浓硝酸","Cu+4HN03(浓)=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H20"
7,"铜与稀硝酸","3Cu+8HN03(稀)3Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H20"
8,"浓硝酸与碳","C+4HNO3(浓)=CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O"
9,"硝酸分解:","4HN03=2H20+4NO2↑+02↑"
10,"王水的成分","浓HNO3和浓HCl1:3"
11,"氨水的电离","NH3•H2ONH4++OH-"
12,"氨与酸反应","NH3+HCl==NH4Cl"
,,"NH3+HNO3==NH4NO3"
,,"2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4"
13,"铵盐受热分解(不稳定性)","NH4ClNH3+HCl"
,,"NH4HCO3=NH3↑+H2O+CO2↑"
,,"(NH4)2CO3=2NH3↑+H2O+CO2↑"
,,"2NH4NO3=2N2↑+4H2O+O2↑"
14,"氨气的催化氧化","4NH3+5O2=4NO+6H2O"
15,"实验室制氨气","2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O"
16,"铵离子的检验","NH4+OH-==H2O+NH3↑(湿润红色石蕊试纸变蓝)"