ããå®éªå
«å¬åååºç²¾é¦æ³å¶
ç²ç¼©éï¼ååºç²¾é¦æ³æ¯éååºä¸å离为ä¸ä½çä¸ç§ç¹æ®ç²¾é¦ææ¯ï¼Aå®éªç®çï¼(1)äºè§£ååºç²¾é¦å·¥èºè¿ç¨çç¹ç¹ï¼å¢å¼ºå·¥èºä¸å·¥ç¨ï¼(2)ææ¡ååºç²¾é¦è£
ç½®çæä½æ§å¶æ¹æ³ï¼å¦ä¼éè¿è§ï¼(3)å¦ä¼ç¨æ£äº¤è®¾è®¡çæ¹æ³ï¼è®¾è®¡åççå®éªæ¹æ¡ï¼ï¼(4)è·å¾ååºç²¾é¦æ³å¶å¤ç²ç¼©éçæä¼å·¥èºæ¡ä»¶ï¼æï¼Bå®éªåçï¼æ¬å®éªä»¥ç²éä¸
ç²é缩åç产ç²ç¼©éçååºä¸ºå¯¹è±¡è¿è¡ï¼è¯¥ååº
ããå®éªå
« å¬åååºç²¾é¦æ³å¶ç²ç¼©é
ããååºç²¾é¦æ³æ¯éååºä¸å离为ä¸ä½çä¸ç§ç¹æ®ç²¾é¦ææ¯ï¼è¯¥ææ¯å°ååºè¿ç¨çå·¥èºç¹ç¹ä¸å离设å¤çå·¥ç¨ç¹æ§ææºç»åå¨ä¸èµ·ï¼æ¢è½å©ç¨ç²¾é¦çå离ä½ç¨æé«ååºç平衡
转åçï¼æå¶ä¸²èå¯ååºçåçï¼åè½å©ç¨æ¾çååºççæåºéä½ç²¾é¦çè½èï¼å¼ºåä¼ è´¨ãå æ¤ï¼å¨åå·¥ç产ä¸å¾å°è¶æ¥è¶å¹¿æ³çåºç¨ã
ããA å®éªç®ç
ãã(1)äºè§£ååºç²¾é¦å·¥èºè¿ç¨çç¹ç¹ï¼å¢å¼ºå·¥èºä¸å·¥ç¨ç¸ç»åçè§å¿µã
ãã(2)ææ¡ååºç²¾é¦è£
ç½®çæä½æ§å¶æ¹æ³ï¼å¦ä¼éè¿è§å¯ååº
ç²¾é¦å¡å
ç温度åå¸ï¼å¤ææµåº¦çååè¶å¿ï¼éåæ£ç¡®è°æ§æ段ã
ãã(3)å¦ä¼ç¨æ£äº¤è®¾è®¡çæ¹æ³ï¼è®¾è®¡åççå®éªæ¹æ¡ï¼è¿è¡å·¥èºæ¡ä»¶çä¼éã
ãã(4)è·å¾ååºç²¾é¦æ³å¶å¤ç²ç¼©éçæä¼å·¥èºæ¡ä»¶ï¼æ确主è¦å½±åå ç´ ã
ããB å®éªåç
ããæ¬å®éªä»¥ç²éä¸ç²é缩åç产ç²ç¼©éçååºä¸ºå¯¹è±¡è¿è¡ååºç²¾é¦å·¥èºçç 究ãåæç²ç¼©éçååºä¸ºï¼ CHOH?CHO?CHO?2HO 2 (1) 32362
ãã该ååºæ¯å¨é
¸å¬åæ¡ä»¶ä¸è¿è¡çå¯éæ¾çååºï¼å平衡转åççéå¶ï¼è¥éç¨ä¼ ç»çå
ååºåå离çæ¹æ³ï¼å³ä½¿ä»¥é«æµåº¦çç²é水溶液ï¼38â40%ï¼ä¸ºåæï¼ç²éç转åçä¹åªè½è¾¾å°60%å·¦å³ï¼å¤§éæªååºçç¨ç²éä¸ä»
ç»åç»çå离é æå°é¾ï¼èä¸ç¨ç²éæµç¼©æ¶äº§ççç²é
¸å¯¹è®¾å¤çè
è严éãèéç¨ååºç²¾é¦çæ¹æ³åå¯ææå°å
æ平衡转åçè¿ä¸çå??????å¦éç¢ï¼å 为该ååºç©ç³»ä¸åç»åç¸å¯¹æ¥å度ç大å°æ¬¡åºä¸ºï¼?ï¼å¯ç²éç²éç²ç¼©éæ°´
ããè§ï¼ç±äºäº§ç©ç²ç¼©éå
·ææ大çç¸å¯¹æ¥å度ï¼å©ç¨ç²¾é¦çä½ç¨å¯å°å
¶ä¸æå°ä»ç³»ç»ä¸å离åºå»ï¼ä¿ä½¿å¹³è¡¡åçæ产ç©çæ¹å移å¨ï¼å¤§å¹
度æé«ç²éç平衡转åçï¼è¥åæé
æ¯æ§å¶åçï¼çè³å¯è¾¾å°æ¥è¿å¹³è¡¡è½¬åçã
ããæ¤å¤ï¼éç¨ååºç²¾é¦ææ¯è¿å
·æå¦ä¸ä¼ç¹ï¼
ãã(1) å¨åççå·¥èºå设å¤æ¡ä»¶ä¸ï¼å¯ä»å¡é¡¶ç´æ¥è·å¾åæ ¼çç²ç¼©é产åã 42
ãã(2) ååºåå离å¨åä¸è®¾å¤ä¸è¿è¡ï¼å¯èç设å¤è´¹ç¨åæä½è´¹ç¨ã
ãã(3)
ååºçç´æ¥ç¨äºç²¾é¦è¿ç¨ï¼å¯éä½è½èã
ãã(4) ç±äºç²¾é¦çææµä½ç¨ï¼å¯¹åæç²éçæµåº¦è¦æ±éä½ï¼æµåº¦ä¸º7%â38%çç²é水溶
å·å´æ°´ãã93
ãã810
ãã11
ãã712
ãã13
ãã14
ãã6
ãã5
ãã4
ãã14
ãã3
ãã215
ãã116
ããå¾8-1 å¬åç²¾é¦å®éªè£
ç½®
ãã1âçµçç¢ï¼2âå¡éï¼3â
温度计ï¼4âè¿æå£ï¼
ãã5âå¡«æï¼6â温度计ï¼7â
æ¶é´ç»§çµå¨ï¼
ãã8â
çµç£éï¼9â
å·åå¨ï¼10âåæµæä½ï¼
ãã11â计éæ¯ï¼12âæ°æ»´æ»´çï¼13â产å槽ï¼
ãã14â
计éæ³µï¼15âå¡éåºæå£ï¼16âé液贮ç¶ï¼
ãã液åå¯ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ã æ¬å®éªéç¨è¿ç»æä½çååºç²¾é¦è£
ç½®ï¼èå¯åæç²éçæµåº¦ãç²éä¸ç²éçé
æ¯ãå¬ååæµåº¦ãåæµæ¯çå ç´ å¯¹å¡é¡¶äº§ç©ç²ç¼©éç纯度åçæéççå½±åï¼ä»ä¸ä¼éåºæä½³çå·¥èºæ¡ä»¶ãå®éªä¸ï¼åå ç´ æ°´å¹³ååçèå´æ¯ï¼
ç²é溶液æµåº¦ï¼ééæµåº¦ï¼ 12% â 38%ï¼ç²é:ç²éï¼æ©å°æ¯ï¼ä¸º1:8â1:2 ï¼å¬ååæµåº¦ 1%â3%ï¼åæµæ¯ 5 â 15ãç±äºå®éªæ¶åå¤å åå¤æ°´å¹³çä¼éï¼æ
éç¨æ£äº¤å®éªè®¾è®¡çæ¹æ³ç»ç»å®éªï¼éè¿æ°æ®å¤çï¼
æ¹å·®åæï¼ç¡®å®ä¸»è¦å ç´ åä¼åæ¡ä»¶ã C é¢ä¹ ä¸æè (1) éç¨ååºç²¾é¦å·¥èºå¶å¤ç²ç¼©éï¼ä»åªäºæ¹é¢ä½ç°äºå·¥èºä¸å·¥ç¨ç¸ç»åæ带æ¥çä¼å¿ï¼ (2) æ¯ä¸æ¯ææçå¯éååºé½å¯ä»¥éç¨ååºç²¾é¦å·¥èºæ¥æé«å¹³è¡¡è½¬åçï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹ï¼ (3) å¨ååºç²¾é¦å¡ä¸ï¼å¡å
å段ç温度åå¸ä¸»è¦ç±åªäºå ç´ å³å®ï¼ (4) ååºç²¾é¦å¡æä½ä¸ï¼ç²éåç²éå æä½ç½®çç¡®å®æ ¹æ®ä»ä¹ååï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹å¬ååç¡«é
¸è¦ä¸ç²éèä¸æ¯ç²éä¸åå å
¥ï¼å®éªä¸ï¼ç²éåæçè¿æä½ç§¯æµéå¦ä½ç¡®å®ï¼ (5) è¥ä»¥äº§åç²ç¼©éçæ¶ç为å®éªææ ï¼å®éªä¸åºééåæµå®åªäºæ°æ®ï¼è¯·è®¾è®¡ä¸å¼ å®éªåå§æ°æ®è®°å½è¡¨ã (6) è¥ä¸èèç²éæµåº¦ãåæé
æ¯ãå¬ååæµåº¦ã43
ããåæµæ¯è¿å个å ç´ é´ç交äºä½ç¨ï¼è¯·è®¾è®¡ä¸å¼ ä¸æ°´å¹³çæ£äº¤å®éªè®¡å表ã
ããD å®éªè£
ç½®åæµç¨
ããå®éªè£
ç½®å¦å¾8-1æ示ãååºç²¾é¦å¡ç±ç»çå¶æãå¡å¾ä¸º25 mmï¼å¡é«çº¦2400 mmï¼å
±å为ä¸æ®µï¼ç±ä¸è³ä¸åå«ä¸ºæé¦æ®µãååºæ®µãç²¾é¦æ®µï¼å¡å
å¡«è£
弹簧ç¶ç»çä¸å¡«æãå¡é为1000mlåå£ç§ç¶ï¼ç½®äº1000Wçµçç¢ä¸ãå¡é¡¶éç¨çµç£æéå¼åæµæ¯æ§å¶è£
ç½®ãå¨å¡éï¼å¡ä½åå¡é¡¶å
±è®¾äºäºä¸ªæµæ¸©ç¹ã
ããåæç²éä¸å¬ååæ··ååï¼ç»è®¡éæ³µç±ååºæ®µç顶é¨å å
¥ï¼ç²éç±ååºæ®µåºé¨å å
¥ãç¨æ°ç¸è²è°±åæå¡é¡¶åå¡é产ç©çç»æã
ããE å®éªæ¥éª¤
ãã(1) åæåå¤ï¼
ãã1) å¨ç²é水溶液ä¸å å
¥1%ã2%ã3%ç
æµç¡«é
¸ä½ä¸ºå¬ååã
ãã2) CP级æå·¥ä¸ç²éã
ãã(2) æä½åå¤ï¼æ£æ¥ç²¾é¦å¡è¿åºæç³»ç»å管线ä¸çéé¨å¼éç¶ææ¯å¦æ£å¸¸ãåå¡éå å
¥400mlï¼çº¦10%çç²é水溶液ãè°è计éæ³µï¼åå«æ å®åæç²éåç²éçè¿ææµéï¼ç²éçä½ç§¯æµéæ§å¶å¨4â5 ml/minã
ãã(3) å®éªæä½ï¼
ãã1ï¼ å
å¼å¯å¡é¡¶å·å´æ°´ãåå¼å¯å¡éå çå¨ï¼å çéè¦éæ¥å¢å ï¼ä¸å®è¿çãå½å¡å¤´æå液åï¼å
¨åæµæä½çº¦20åéã
ãã2ï¼ æéå®çå®éªæ¡ä»¶ï¼å¼å§è¿æï¼åæ¶å°åæµæ¯æ§å¶å¨æ¨å°ç»å®çæ°å¼ãè¿æåï¼ä»ç»è§å¯å¹¶è·è¸ªè®°å½å¡å
åç¹ç温度ååï¼æµå®å¹¶è®°å½å¡é¡¶ä¸å¡éçåºæé度ï¼è°èåºæéï¼ä½¿ç³»ç»ç©æ平衡ãå¾
å¡é¡¶æ¸©åº¦ç¨³å®åï¼æ¯é15åéåä¸æ¬¡å¡é¡¶ãå¡éæ ·åï¼åæå
¶ç»æï¼å
±åæ ·2â3次ãåå
¶
å¹³åå¼ä½ä¸ºå®éªç»æã
ãã3ï¼
ããéªç»æã
ãã4ï¼
ããæ°´ã
ãã注æï¼æ¬å®éªæ
æ£äº¤è¡¨è¿è¡ï¼å·¥ä½éè¾å¤§ï¼å¯å®æå¤ç»å¦çå
±åå®æã
ãã44 ä¾æ£äº¤å®éªè®¡å表ï¼æ¹åå®éªæ¡ä»¶ï¼éå¤æ¥éª¤ï¼2ï¼ï¼å¯è·å¾ä¸åæ¡ä»¶ä¸çå®å®éªå®æåï¼åæè¿åºæï¼åæ¢å çï¼å¾
å¡é¡¶ä¸åæå液åæµæ¶ï¼ å
³éå·å´
ããF å®éªæ°æ®å¤ç
ãã(1) ååºå®éªåå§è®°å½è¡¨ï¼è®¡ç®ç²ç¼©é产åçæ¶çã
ããç²ç¼©éæ¶ç计ç®å¼ï¼
ãã(2) ç»å¶å
¨å¡æ¸©åº¦åå¸å¾ï¼ç»å¶ç²ç¼©é产åæ¶çå纯度ä¸åæµæ¯çå
³ç³»å¾ã
ãã(3) 以ç²ç¼©é产åçæ¶ç为å®éªææ ï¼ååºæ£äº¤å®éªç»æ表ï¼è¿ç¨æ¹å·®åæç¡®å®æ佳工èºæ¡ä»¶ã
ããG å®éªç»æ讨论
ãã(1) ååºç²¾é¦å¡å
ç温度åå¸æä»ä¹ç¹ç¹ï¼éåæç²éæµåº¦åå¬ååæµåº¦çååï¼ååºæ®µæ¸©åº¦å¦ä½ååï¼è¿ä¸ªåå说æäºä»ä¹ï¼
ãã(2) æ ¹æ®å¡é¡¶äº§å纯度ä¸åæµæ¯çå
³ç³»ï¼å¡å
温度åå¸çç¹ç¹ï¼è®¨è®ºååºç²¾é¦ä¸æ®éç²¾é¦æä½å¼åã
ãã(3) æ¬å®éªå¨å¶å®æ£äº¤å®éªè®¡å表æ¶æ²¡æèèåå ç´ é´ç交äºå½±åï¼æ¨è®¤ä¸ºæ¯å¦åçï¼è¥ä¸åçï¼åºè¯¥èèåªäºå åé´ç交äºä½ç¨ï¼
ãã(4) è¦æé«ç²ç¼©é产åçæ¶çå¯éååªäºæªæ½ï¼
ããH 主è¦ç¬¦å·è¯´æ
ããxdââå¡é¡¶é¦åºæ¶²ä¸ç²ç¼©éçè´¨éåçï¼
ããxwââå¡éåºæä¸ç²ç¼©éçè´¨éåçï¼
ããxfââè¿æä¸ç²éçè´¨éåçï¼g/minï¼
ããDââå¡é¡¶é¦åºæ¶²çè´¨éæµçï¼g/minï¼
ããFââè¿æç²é水溶液çè´¨éæµçï¼g/minï¼
ããWââå¡éåºæçè´¨éæµçï¼g/minï¼
ããM1ãM0ââç²éï¼ç²ç¼©éçååéï¼
ããηââç²ç¼©éçæ¶çã