Constitute the modern study of three-dimensional object is an integrated form, and form their own space is a realistic and abstract concepts, including physical space and psychological space. Integrated form of this space is not only created a false reality and state, but also gives us a broad imagination, as the Chinese traditional philosophy of "harmony between man and nature," the basic spirit, this is exactly what we want to achieve a high degree of unity and perfection of the realm.
Key words: three-dimensional physical space constitute a form of psychological space space
Constitute the basis of three-dimensional as the traditional courses, basically follow the founder of Albers's teaching theory, that is not considering any other material, but through the paper to study the three-dimensional shapes and spatial relationships. However, with the development of the times, the advancement of technology, the mindset of the people are kept up to date, consisting of three-dimensional teaching requirements subtle changes have taken place, which we need to pose in three-dimensional teaching in constant innovation and development students in learning in this course can be designed to expand awareness of concepts and in-depth, with a space, the visual thinking of a comprehensive look at the design, in order to create the visual environment more beautiful.
A space and "conformal"
Pose in three-dimensional teaching which can be said to constitute a three-dimensional plane, color and a comprehensive understanding of space. Research direction is to pursue all possibilities of the form, which requires students to strengthen the theoretical concept of cognitive style, from the many aspects of the decomposition of the form elements, such as the visual reconstruction of a comprehensive training, in order to enhance their overall shape understanding and awareness of sublimation. As the main form of the study, in addition to modeling the structure of our grasp of things (the distinction between body image and shape), but also constitute a form of the material in the space environment and focus on the interaction of training. Three-dimensional composition of modern education is no longer simply confined to an object itself, but extended to describe the relationship between the environment and objects, the so-called concept of the environment is a space, including the physical space and psychological space. Everything should be in the works present in the environment shape the dialogue in order to give the vision, hearing, smell, such as a full range of feelings, like a sculpture or a building, they should take into account the existence with the surrounding environment echoed the United States due to their natural state space, or man-made cut and polish and even more brilliant. Current human strengthened the protection of the environment, in terms of design longing for a harmonious development between man and nature of the space environment, the creative concept design has been widely praised. Such as the United States Wright, a well-known architect designed villa water, make full use of terrain, water bodies, such as the natural environment,依山傍水, unique, so the main building with the perfect combination of the natural environment, water villas of architectural form is not deliberate on the environment, but grew up in the natural environment into the environment is a form of the space environment with an example of interdependence. In China, the "harmony between man and nature" is the basic spirit of traditional philosophy, this is a manifestation of harmony with nature, close relationship, that is, "meaning" and "habitat" of the high degree of unity, so that the "unification" is We are teaching in the three-dimensional composition of the integrity of which one should be emphasized.
Therefore, the composition of the three-dimensional experience of space (for "shape" of the master) is particularly important, it can for the future creation of professional learning and lay a solid foundation. If we uphold for a long time, you can design research to a more professional, more detailed level.
Second, space and the "state"
In accordance with the formation of Chinese characters in China, we can see that "state" in the "heart" for the end of the word, which refers to people's psychological reactions to a situation of things. Today, the concept of space is not confined to these three-dimensional space, but the ideology of the people as a continuation of the space. A good work can create unlimited reverie, which Lenovo is not subject to subjective time and space constraints.
In the East, the Chinese people in an emotional ideology, a long time to realize that to understand the full complexity of the world, it is necessary to have a kind of spiritual transcendence. Feelings and to develop in students awareness of the initial stage of things, it is important to strengthen the training of creative thinking and mining potential, this stage is on a three-dimensional space constitutes an important training courses. We have the concept of this ideology can be divided into objective and subjective space of the space ideology ideology. Objective space is the work itself that we have limited space and the environment, such as the creation of a form of the author and objective; and subjective space is an interactive role play, or works on the psychological impact of the audience. For example, the walls painted in a red paint inside the house, will have a depression, the psychological feelings of impatience, the feeling is the subjective reaction of ideology. Ideology of objective and subjective space of cross-cutting ideological space, it constitutes a "form an integrated space" concept.
Space and time corresponding to the same space of time changes, there will be superimposed in space, multi-image of the complex expression. Paintings such as "down the stairs of the Nude", we can clearly see the Duchamp painting for the pure language of gradually breaking away from the first piece of work from the use of color to the body and then to the use of strokes are full of strong painting Cubism and the tendency of people to have an unlimited imagination. Duchamp works on the speed of the continuous search for information and to summarize the overall performance, resulting in a space of "vibration", which makes the subjective initiative of works produced for the audience to accept and appreciate the infinite works of imagination. Such creative thinking has given us the space in which to strengthen a sense of spatial extension, so that our three-dimensional space consisting of a more broad understanding and natural. When we are in the same space and time to go look at a work state, we may focus on a certain part of it, the objects, images will become more prominent, and the surrounding objects, the site will be back and narrow. As a result of objective and subjective alternate role is, when would like to stress the focus on the subjective, the visual will be made to enlarge and adjust accordingly, and this is the art of the "exaggeration" principle.
Constitutes a psychological visual space of the guide, but also works which constitute the main element. Therefore, the author poses in the three-dimensional teaching, always emphasizing that the material constitutes the main, not only because it is a visual language and, more importantly, it also launched a space we imagine an infinite line of thought. Imagine the shape, it is the perception of those works and the reproduction of visual material to non-material experience of movement and continuity, this is also the author of three-dimensional pose of teaching students to understand the main points.
In addition, the physical space and psychological space that we would like to express the content, because they are a whole. Teaching in the three-dimensional composition, the author emphasized that a more emotional, a way of thinking. Posed the concept of three-dimensional space has given us sufficient scope to imagination and creativity, students can reproduce realistic physical space, but also the psychological concept of abstract space, but also can create the illusion of space and so contradictory.
III Conclusion
As a designer, how to create a valuable three-dimensional form, it is very important, designers of space itself to grasp the basic elements of shape and composition of these elements and their awareness of the extent of the law, which constitute a class is a three-dimensional Learning to be content. Lies in the concept of contemporary design to create value, pay attention to the introduction of new concepts, new beginning, then the teaching should have a forward-looking. Pose in three-dimensional teaching process, the spatial form should give us more inspiration and reflection.
References:
[1] Xu Zhi-min book "constitutes a three-dimensional" [M]. China Light Industry Press, 2001
[2] Hu referral-ming of "institutions of higher learning design textbook series - a three-dimensional constitute" [M]. Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2003
现代立体构成研究的对象是一个综合形态，而形态所属的空间又是一个现实和抽象的概念，包括物理空间和心理空间。这种空间综合形态不仅创造了现实与虚幻的物态，同时也赋予了我们广阔的想象空间，正如中国传统哲学思想中“天人合一”的基本精神一样，这正是我们所要达到的一种高度统一与完美的境界。
关 键 词：立体构成 空间形态 物理空间 心理空间
立体构成作为传统基础课程，基本上是遵循创始人阿尔伯斯的教学理论, 即不考虑任何其他材料，而是通过纸来研究立体的造型和空间关系。但随着时代的发展，科技的进步，人们的观念也在不断地更新，对立体构成的教学要求也发生了微妙的变化，这就需要我们在立体构成课的教学中不断地创新与发展，使学生在学习这门课程后能对设计观念的认识有所扩展和深入，用一种空间的、视觉的综合思想去看待设计，以创造更美的视觉环境。
一、空间与“形”
在立体构成课的教学当中，立体构成可以说是对平面、色彩与空间的综合理解。研究的方向是追求有关形态的所有可能性，这就要求学生从理论上加强对造型观念的认知，从诸多方面进行形态要素的分解、重构等视觉综合训练，从而加强他们对形态的全面理解和意识升华。作为形态这个研究的主体，我们除了对造型结构的把握外（区分形体、形象和形态），还应在构成造型的材质和空间环境的互动上重点加强训练。现代的立体构成教育不再单纯局限于一个物体本身，而是扩展到描述环境与物体的关系，所谓环境就是一个空间概念，包括物理空间和心理空间。每一件作品都应在造型存在于环境的对话中给人以视觉、听觉、嗅觉等全方位的感受，就像一件雕塑作品或一座建筑一样，它们的存在都应考虑到与周围环境的呼应，它们的美因空间的自然状态或人为的雕琢而变得更加灿烂。当前人类加强了对环境的保护，在设计方面向往一种人与自然协调发展的空间环境，这种创作观念在设计中被广泛推崇。例如美国著名建筑设计师赖特设计的流水别墅，充分利用地形、水体等自然环境，依山傍水，造型独特，做到了建筑主体与自然环境的完美结合，流水别墅的建筑形态不是刻意强加于环境的，而是自然成长于环境，融合于环境的，是形态与空间环境相互依存的一个典范。在中国，“天人合一”是传统哲学的基本精神，这正是体现了一种与自然和谐、亲密的关系，即“意”和“境”的高度统一，这样的“统一”也就是我们在立体构成教学当中应该强调的完整性之一。
因此，对立体构成中的空间体验（对“形”的把握）就显得尤为重要，它能够为日后的专业学习及创作打下坚实的基础。如果我们长期坚持，就可以将造型的研究推向更专业化、更细节化的高度。
二、空间与“态”
按照中国汉字的构词法可知，“态”字有“心”字作底，意指人对某一事物的心理反应状况。时至今日，人们对空间的概念不仅仅局限在三维空间当中，而是把人的意识形态也作为了空间的延续。一件好的作品能让人产生无限的遐想，这种主观的联想是不受时间和空间限制的。
在东方，中国人以一种感性的意识形态，很早地意识到要认识完整复杂的世界，就必须要有一种精神的超越。在培养学生感受和认知事物的初级阶段，重要的是加强对他们创意思维的训练和潜质的挖掘，这个阶段是关于立体构成空间的重要训练课程。我们把这种意识形态的观念可以分为客观的空间意识形态和主观的空间意识形态。客观空间是指我们的作品本身和所限定的空间环境，这样的一种形态是作者创造并客观存在的；而主观空间则起到一个互动的作用，即作品对观者的心理影响。例如一个人在一间四壁涂满红色涂料的屋子里面，会产生一种压抑、急躁的心理感受，这种感受便是主观意识形态的反应。客观的空间意识形态和主观的空间意识形态的相互交错，便构成了“空间综合形态”的概念。
空间与时间是相对应的，在同一空间中时间发生变化时，空间就会出现叠加、多镜像的错综复杂的表达方式。比如绘画作品《下楼梯的裸女》，我们能清楚地看到杜尚对于纯粹的绘画语言的逐渐脱离，第一幅作品中从用色到形体，再到笔触的运用都充满着强烈的绘画性和立体主义倾向，让人产生无限的想象。作品中杜尚寻找有关速度的连续信息，并归纳成整体来表现，造成了空间的“颤动”，这就使作品产生了主观能动性，给予观者接受和体会作品的无限想象空间。这种创作思维让我们在已经赋予的空间当中强化了一种空间延伸的意识，从而使我们对立体构成的空间的认识更加宽泛和自然。当我们处在同一空间和时间状态下去看一件作品，我们可能会专注它的某一部位，这个物体、景象就会突显出来，而周围的物体、部位就会退后、缩小。由于客观与主观是交替作用的，当主观要强调专注时，视觉就会作出相应的放大和调整，这就是艺术中的“夸张”原理。
视觉构成了一种心理空间的引导，也是作品构成当中的主体元素。所以，笔者在立体构成教学中，始终强调构成的物质主体，不仅仅因为它是一种视觉语言，更重要的是，它还展开了我们无限想象空间的一条思路。想象对于形态而言，是对那些作品的感知和再现，是物质视觉到非物质感受的移动和延续，这也是笔者在立体构成教学中希望学生能够体会的要点。
此外，物理空间和心理空间都是我们要表达的内容，因为它们是一个整体。在立体构成教学当中，笔者更多强调的是一种感性、一种思维方式。立体构成的空间概念给了我们足够的范围去想象和创造，学生既可以再现写实的物理空间，又可以构思抽象的心理空间，还可以创作虚幻的矛盾空间等等。
三、结语
作为一名设计师，如何创造出一个有价值的立体形态，很重要的是，设计师本身把握空间造型基本要素的能力和对这些要素及其组合规律的认识程度，这一点正是立体构成课所要学习的内容。当代设计的观念重在创造价值，注重提出新的观念、发现新的开始，那么教学更应具有一种前瞻性。在立体构成课的教学过程中，空间形态方面应该会给我们带来更多的启发和思考。
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