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德国人的饮食习惯（招待注意）
德国人的饮食习惯
提起德国美食，不能不提起德国香肠，德国人喜欢肉食，尤其喜欢吃香肠。他们制作的香肠有1500种以上，许多种类风行世界，像以地名命名的"黑森林火腿"，可以切得跟纸一样薄，味道奇香无比。德国的国菜就是在酸卷心菜上铺满各式香肠，有时用一整只猪后腿代替香肠和火腿，那烧得熟烂的一整只猪腿，德国人可以面不改色地一个人干掉它。
德国菜以酸、咸口味为主，调味较为浓重。烹饪方法以烤、焖、串烧、烩为主。蓝格的桌布上摆着一筐面包，客人在等待中可以慢慢享用，德国面包很有咬劲，牙齿好的人才能品尝出味道。德式的汤一般比较浓厚，喜欢把原料打碎在汤里，这大概与当地天寒地冻的气候有关。据说德国人生性比较俭朴，水煮香肠，一锅浓浓的马铃薯豆子汤，加上有名的腌制酸菜和面包，一顿饭便打发了。
此外，德国美食还有著名的德式清豆汤、德式生鱼片、德式烤杂肉、德式肉肠、酸菜、德式苹果酥、煎甜饼等。
一日三餐
德国和中国大部分地区一样，一日三餐。早餐一般在七点，午餐一点，晚餐七点。有的地方午餐和晚餐之间喝午后咖啡，吃蛋糕。
与中国的饮食习惯不同，德国人最讲究、最丰盛的不是午餐、晚餐，而是早餐。在旅馆或政府机构的餐厅，早餐大都是自助形式，有主食、肉类、蔬菜、饮料、水果等，不仅品种丰富，且色香味俱佳。而在普通百姓家，不论其家境穷富，其早餐的内容一般般都大同小异：首先是饮料，包括咖啡、茶、各种果汁、牛奶等，主食为各种面包，以及与面包相配的奶油、干酪和果酱，外加香肠和火腿。德国人吃饭的效率很高，他们可以在短短的10分钟内把这些丰盛的食品搭配完毕并吃完，为其一上午紧张的工作提供能量。
德国的午餐一般多在单位食堂或快餐馆就餐，是名副其实的快餐，如一个由土豆、沙拉生菜和几块肉组成的拼盘，外加一杯饮料。在有家庭主妇和未成年孩子的家庭，午餐也较简单，如一块熟肉、肉饼配煮菜和面包，或炖牛肉配米饭和生菜，再简单的就像中国的打卤面一样，用肉汁拌意大利面条，饭后喝一杯咖啡或吃一个冰淇淋。德国人简化午餐并不是为了省钱，而是为了节省时间。
德国人的家庭晚餐通常是冷餐，内容是很丰盛的：一盘肉食的拼盘；鲜嫩可口的蔬菜，如小萝卜、西红柿、黄瓜；新鲜的水果，如葡萄、樱桃。有的家庭主妇还摆出各种风味的于酪，主食是面包。晚餐时间比较宽余，一家人围坐在桌前，边吃边聊。
除了一日三餐外，有些德国人习惯在下午四五点钟“加餐”，即喝杯咖啡或茶、吃块蛋糕或几块饼干。中上层家庭喜欢在此时邀请朋友来家里品茗聊天。在这样的聚会上，客人可以品尝到饮誉四海的德国糕点，德国妇女一般都练就一手烤制点心的手艺。不过在当今快节奏的社会生活中，这种午后清闲的享受也只有在周未、假期或休假时才有可能。
大餐菜谱
德国大餐的典型菜谱是：
冷盘：奶油、干酪、鲜鱼或罐头鱼、灌肠制品、火腿、鱼(肉)冻配鬼子姜、鱼或肉拼盘、煮的或烤的家禽、蒜烤猪里脊、红烧肉、煮舌头、沙拉、稀奶油、酸奶、鸡蛋沙拉、半烹鸡蛋。
第一道菜：肉、鱼、蔬菜、米或豆类等做的浓汤，家禽或野味汤，各种肉、米、通心粉和蔬菜等做的清汤，有摊鸡蛋和馅饼的鸡蛋清汤，家常面条鸡汤，肉或鱼做的稠辣汤，农民汤，酸黄瓜汤。
第二道菜：煮的或烤的鱼配土豆和蔬菜 ，焖或烤的牛肉，烤家禽或野禽，肉饼炸猪排，煎薄猪排、鸡肉饼、肉饼或炸肉饼；小香肠和短粗香肠配熬白菜、荷包蛋、摊鸡蛋以及焦烤菜肴。
甜食：新鲜水果和草莓；新鲜水果或罐头水果，煮草莓或果冻、果酸、乳脂果汁冻，加水果汁和甜汁的露酒、布丁、苹果泥，冰淇淋；各色各样的点心。
每个人进餐时，桌上必须备有奶油，午餐一定要以黑咖啡或牛奶咖啡结束。午餐和晚餐则用啤酒。水果凉菜必须是冷的。
关于西餐的英语
bear''s paw 熊掌
breast of deer 鹿脯
beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 海参
sea sturgeon 海鳝
salted jelly fish 海蜇皮
kelp, seaweed 海带
abalone 鲍鱼
shark fin 鱼翅
scallops 干贝
lobster 龙虾
bird''s nest 燕窝
roast suckling pig 考乳猪
pig''s knuckle 猪脚
boiled salted duck 盐水鸭
preserved meat 腊肉
barbecued pork 叉烧
sausage 香肠
fried pork flakes 肉松
BAR-B-Q 烤肉
meat diet 荤菜
vegetables 素菜
meat broth 肉羹
local dish 地方菜
Cantonese cuisine 广东菜
set meal 客饭
curry rice 咖喱饭
fried rice 炒饭
plain rice 白饭
crispy rice 锅巴
gruel, soft rice, porridge 粥
noodles with gravy 打卤面
plain noodle 阳春面
casserole 砂锅
chafing dish, fire pot 火锅
meat bun 肉包子
shao-mai 烧麦
preserved bean curd 腐乳
bean curd 豆腐
fermented blank bean 豆豉
pickled cucumbers 酱瓜
preserved egg 皮蛋
salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋
dried turnip 萝卜干
西餐与日本料理:
menu 菜单
French cuisine 法国菜
today''s special 今日特餐
chef''s special 主厨特餐
buffet 自助餐
fast food 快餐
specialty 招牌菜
continental cuisine 欧式西餐
aperitif 饭前酒
dim sum 点心
French fires 炸薯条
baked potato 烘马铃薯
mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥
omelette 简蛋卷
pudding 布丁
pastries 甜点
pickled vegetables 泡菜
kimchi 韩国泡菜
crab meat 蟹肉
prawn 明虾
conch 海螺
escargots 田螺
braised beef 炖牛肉
bacon 熏肉
poached egg 荷包蛋
sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋
over 煎两面荷包蛋
fried egg 煎蛋
over easy 煎半熟蛋
over hard 煎全熟蛋
scramble eggs 炒蛋
boiled egg 煮蛋
stone fire pot 石头火锅
sashi 日本竹筷
sake 日本米酒
miso shiru 味噌汤
roast meat 铁板烤肉
sashimi 生鱼片
butter 奶油
http://www.chinese.net.nz/bbs/archiver/tid-22030.html 西式自助餐 Western buffet 肉杂拌汤 mixed meat soup
牛尾汤 ox-tail soup牛肉丸子汤 beef balls soup
牛肉蔬菜汤 beef soup with vegetables
牛肉茶 beef tea
冷牛肉茶 cold beef tea
鸡汤 chicken soup
口蘑鸡汤 chicken soup with mushrooms
番茄鸡汤 chicken soup with tomato
鸡腿蔬菜汤 chicken leg soup with vegetables
咖哩鸡丁汤 curry chicken cubes soup
鸡块汤 chicken chips soup
鸡块面条汤 noodles soup with chicken chips
鸡块大米汤 rice soup with chicken chips
高加索鸡块汤 chicken soup a la Caucasus
鸡球蔬菜汤 chicken meatballs soup with vegetables
鸡杂汤 chicken giblets soup
鸡杂菠菜汤 chicken giblets soup with spinach
鱼汤 fish soup
家常鱼汤 fish soup in home style
红鱼汤 fish soup with tomato
红菜汤 borsch
蔬菜汤 vegetables soup; soup with vegetables
丸子蔬菜汤 meat balls soup with vegetables
酸菜汤 sour cabbage soup
龙须菜汤 soup with asparagus
葱头汤 onion soup
洋葱汤 onion soup
西红柿汤 tomato soup
番茄汤 tomato soup
白豆汤 white beam soup
豌豆汤 pea soup
豌豆泥汤 mashed pea soup
清汤肉饼 consomme with meat pie
面球汤 dumplings soup
通心粉汤 soup with macaroni
通心粉清汤 consomme with macaroni
番茄通心粉汤 tomato soup with macaroni
清汤卧果 consomme with poached eggs
4.鱼虾 fish and prawn
炸桂鱼 fried mandarin fish
土豆炸桂鱼 fried mandarin fish with potatoes
番茄汁炸鱼 fried fish with tomato sauce
奶油汁炸鱼 fried fish with cream sauce
鞑靼式炸鱼 fried fish with Tartar sauce
鞑靼汁炸鱼 fried fish with Tartar sauce
清煎鲤鱼 fried carp
火腿汁煎鱼 fried fish with ham sauce
俄式煎鱼 fish a la Russia
罐焖鱼 fish a la Duchesse
罐焖桂鱼 mandarin fish a la Duchesse
火锅鱼片 fish podjarka
火锅鱼虾 fish and prawns podjarka
火锅大虾 prawns podjarka
炭烧鱼串 fish shashlik
炭烧鱼段 fish chips shashlik
铁扒桂鱼 grilled mandarin fish
铁扒比目鱼 grilled turbot
奶油汁烤鱼 baked fish with cream sauce
鱼排 fish steak
奶油口蘑烤桂鱼 mandarin fish au gratin
奶酪口蘑烤鱼虾 fish and prawns au gratin
白汁蒸鱼 steamed fish with white
白酒汁蒸鱼 steamed fish with white wine
红酒蒸鱼 steamed fish with red wine
番茄汁蒸鱼 steamed fish tomato sauce
柠檬汁蒸鱼 steamed fish with lemon sauce
鸡蛋汁蒸鱼 steamed fish with egg sauce
口蘑汁蒸鱼 steamed fish with mushroom sauce
红汁蘑菇蒸鱼 steamed fish with mushrooms and brown sauce
番茄汁蘑菇蒸鱼 steamed fish with mushrooms and tomato sauce
波兰式蒸鱼 steamed fish a la Poland
土豆煮鱼 boiled fish with potatoes
黄油汁土豆煮鱼 boiled fish and potato with butter sauce
炸大虾 fried prawns
炸明虾 fried prawns
软煎大虾 soft-fried prawns
黄油汁煎大虾 fried prawns with butter sauce
罐焖大虾 prawns a la Duchesse
奶酪口蘑烤大虾 prawns au gratin
火腿奶酪炸大虾 fried prawns with ham and cheese
铁扒大虾 grilled prawns
大虾蛋奶酥 prawn souffle
5.素菜 vegetable dish
奶酪口蘑烤蔬菜 vegetables au gratin
黄油菜花 cauliflower with butter
黄油杂拌蔬菜 mixed vegetables with butter
菠菜卧果 spinach with poached egg
奶油汁烤口蘑 baked mushrooms with cream sauce
黄油炒口蘑 fried mushrooms with butter
黄油炒菠菜 fried spinach with butter
黄油炒豌豆 fried peas with butter
黄油炒青豆 fried green peas with butter
炒茄泥 fried mashed egg plants
炸茄子片 fried egg-plant slices
炸番茄 fried tomato
清煎土豆饼 fried potato cake
酿馅西葫芦 stuffed bottle gourd
焖洋白菜卷 braised cabbage rolls
家常焖洋白菜卷 braised cabbage rolls
烩茄子 stewed egg plants
奶油汁烩豌豆 stewed peas with cream sauce
扁豆炒蛋 omelette/omelet with green beans
咖哩素菜 curry vegetables
6.鸡鸭 chicken and duck
烤鸡 roast chicken
烤油鸡 roast chicken
素菜烤鸡 roast chicken with vegetables
棒棒鸡 bon bon chicken
煎鸡 fried chicken
炸笋鸡 fried spring chicken
炸鸡 deep-fried chicken
炸鸡肉串 fried chicken shashlik
鸡肝串 chicken liver shashlik
通心粉煮鸡 boiled chicken with macaroni
奶汁煮鸡 boiled chicken with cream sauce
铁扒笋鸡 grilled spring chicken
焖鸡 braised chicken
家常焖鸡 braised chicken in home style
黄油焖鸡 braised chicken with butter
黄油焖笋鸡 braised spring chicken with butter
黄油焖鸡腿 braised chicken legs with butter
红焖鸡块 braised chicken chips
火锅鸡 podjarka chicken
罐焖鸡 chicken a la Duchesse
罐焖笋鸡 spring chicken a la Duchesse
高加索焖鸡 chicken a la Caucasus
比利时烩鸡 Belgian stewed chicken
奶油烩鸡片 stewed chicken slices with cream
米饭烩鸡鸭 stewed chicken and duck with rice
奶油烩鸡饭 stewed chicken and rice with cream
咖哩鸡饭 curry chicken with rice
细面条白汁鸡腿 chicken legs with spaghet
西式冷餐 Western buffet
冷餐 buffet
1.冷菜 cold dish
1)沙拉 salad
沙拉 salad
色拉 salad
火腿沙拉 ham salad
鸡沙拉 chicken salad
鸡脯沙拉 chicken-breast salad
鸡丝沙拉 shredded chicken salad
鸡蛋沙拉 egg salad
鱼片沙拉 fish salad
虾仁沙拉 shrimp salad
大虾沙拉 prawn salad
蟹肉沙拉 crab salad
素沙拉 vegetable salad
蔬菜沙拉 vegetable salad
鲜蔬菜沙拉 fresh vegetable salad
黄瓜沙拉 cucumber salad
鲜黄瓜沙拉 fresh cucumber salad
奶油黄瓜沙拉 cucumber salad with cream
西红柿黄瓜沙拉 cucumber salad with tomato
西红柿沙拉 tomato salad
甜菜沙拉 beetroot salad
红菜头沙拉 beetroot salad
沙拉油 salad dressing; mayonnaise
沙拉酱 salad dressing; mayonnaise
2)肉 meat
冷杂拌肉 cold mixed meat
冷什锦肉 cold mixed meat
冷肉拼香肠 cold meat and sausage
冷火腿蔬菜 cold ham with vegetables
什锦肉冻 mixed meat jelly
肝泥 mashed liver; live paste
牛肝泥 mashed ox liver; ox liver paste
牛脑泥 mashed ox brain; ox brain paste
冷烤牛肉 cold roast beef
冷烤里脊 cold roast fillet
冷烤羔羊腿 cold roast lamb leg
冷烤猪肉 cold roast pork
冷烩茶肠 cold stewed sausage
冷茶肠 cold sausage
奶酪 cheese
3)鱼 fish
红烩鱼片 stewed fish slices with brown sauce
茄汁烩鱼片 stewed fish slices with tomato sauce
鸡蛋鲱鱼泥子 minced herring with eggs
鸡蛋托鲱鱼 herring on eggs
熏鲱鱼 smoked herring
熏鲤鱼 smoked carp
沙丁油鱼 sardines
鱼肉冻 fish jelly
酿馅鱼 stuffed fish
红鱼子酱 red caviar
黑鱼子酱 black caviar
大虾泥 minced prawns
蟹肉泥 minced crab meat
4)家禽 poultry
鸡肉冻 chicken jelly; chicken in aspic
水晶鸡 chicken in aspic
鸡肉泥 minced chicken meat; chicken paste
鸡肝泥 minced chicken liver; chicken liver paste
鸭肝泥 minced duck liver; duck liver paste
酿馅鸡蛋 stuffed eggs
奶酪酿馅鸡蛋 stuffed eggs with cheese
酿馅鸡 stuffed chicken
冷烤油鸡蔬菜 cold roast chicken with vegetables
冷烤火鸡 cold roast turkey
冷烤山鸡 cold roast pheasant
冷烤野鸡 cold roast pheasant
冷烤鸭 cold roast duck
冷烤野鸭 cold roast wild duck
烤鸭冻粉 roast duck jelly
冷烤鹅 cold roast goose
冷烤野鹅 cold roast wild goose
5)素菜 vegetable dish
什锦蔬菜 assorted vegetables
红烩茄子 stewed egg-plant brown sauce
酿青椒 stuffed green pepper
酿西红柿 stuffed tomato
酸蘑菇 sour mushrooms
酸黄瓜 sour cucumbers; pickled cucumbers
泡菜 pickled cabbage; sour and sweet cabbage
2.热小菜 appetizers
奶油烩香肠 stewed sausage with cream
红烩灌肠 stewed sausage with brown sauce
红酒汁烩腰花 stewed kidney with red wine； kidney with red wine
奶油烩腰花 stewed kidney with cream; kidney with cream
芥末煎火腿豌豆 fried ham and peas with mustard
奶油煎火腿豌豆 fried ham and peas with cream
奶油汁煎牛肝 fried liver with cream sauce; liver with cream sauce
鸡蛋汁煎鲱鱼 fried herring with egg sauce
奶酪口蘑烤鱼 fish au gratin
奶酪口蘑烤蟹肉 crab meat au gratin
奶油奶酪口蘑烤蟹肉 crab meat au gratin with cream
清煎鸡蛋 fried eggs
火腿煎蛋 fried eggs with ham; ham and eggs
火腿蛋 fried eggs with ham; ham and eggs
咸肉煎蛋 fried eggs with bacon; bacon and eggs
香肠煎蛋 fried eggs with sausage; sausage and eggs
清炒鸡蛋 omelette/omelet
香肠炒蛋 sausage omelette/omelet
火腿炒蛋 ham omeletter/omelet
番茄炒蛋 tomato omelette/omelet
菜花沙蛋 cauliflower omelette/omelet
豌豆炒蛋 green peas omelette/omelet; omelette/omelet with green peas
鲜蘑炒蛋 mushroom omelette/omelet; omelette/omelet with mushrooms
果酱炒蛋 jam omelette/omelet; omelette/omelet with jam
3.汤 soup
清汤 light soup; clear soup; consomme
浓汤 thick soup; potage
肉汤 broth
奶油火腿汤 creamed ham soup; ham soup with cream
奶油鸡茸汤 creamed mashed chicken soup; mashed chicken soup with cream
奶油蟹肉汤 creamed crab meat soup; crab meat soup with cream
奶油口蘑解肉汤 creamed mushroom soup with crab meat
奶油大虾汤 creamed prawn soup; prawn soup with cream
奶油鲍鱼汤 creamed abalone soup; abalone soup with cream
奶油龙须菜汤 creamed asparagus soup; asparagus soup with cream
奶油芦笋汤 creamed asparagus soup; asparagus soup with cream
奶油菜花汤 creamed cauliflower soup; cauliflower soup with cream
奶油口蘑汤 creamed mushroom soup; mushroom soup with cream
奶油口蘑菜花汤 creamed mushroom soup with cauliflower
奶油西红柿汤 creamed tomato soup; tomato soup with cream
奶油蕃茄汤 creamed tomato soup; tomato soup with cream
奶油菠菜汤 creamed spinach soup; spinach soup with cream
奶油菠菜泥汤 creamed mashed spinach soup; mashed spinach soup with cream
奶油豌豆汤 creamed peas soup; peas soup with cream
奶油豌豆泥汤 creamed mashed peas soup; mashed peas soup with cream