哥帮我翻译下那个文章呗`我真的很需要谢谢!

Question

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/125242652.html
4楼的文章我把我所有的分都给你了.

Answer 1

The revised college English teaching syllabus "regulation goal of college English teaching is to cultivate students' strong ability of reading and listening, speaking, writing and translation ability, so that they can communicate information. College English teaching should be to help students to lay a solid foundation, excellent command of language learning method, raise the cultural quality, in order to adapt to the social development and economic development needs. Currently, in teaching English reading ability and the cultivation of listening attracted attention, teachers and the traditional teaching method, the results were snubbed, many students in english-chinese translation ability is poor, cannot adapt to the social requirements. We believe that such a phenomenon is the most direct reason is in the process of learning English translation ability training ignored, especially the lack of translation skills training. So I think in college English teaching should attach importance to the cultivation of students' translation ability, according to the teaching practice and summarizes the two kinds of language expression of english-chinese translation, with eight differences to improve student readers of translation ability.

1. English and Chinese semantic structures. Chinese and English belong to two different languages. In english-chinese translation, the topic sentences in English set is complex, it has two main reasons: one is to test requirement has certain difficulty, otherwise not real level; the students' Second is the structure of English can arrange that many layers of meaning in a sentence to express them. Below we read an example:

Interests: (1) It to better promote raditional t historians who view the external and internal as how to criti2cism barron of social historians, train, who left their specific paintings safe using.

This sentence for 30 words, is a typical complex sentence. From the content, It provides two aspects: one is the information

Your interests, historians.., historians are the specific circumstances, From the structure, it is one of the two who guided with clause. Although complex structure, large volume, this sentence in English is disorder, because the sentence structure and semantic clear: the interlocking attributive clause in terms of guiding behind this term, which is modified in English more common form of expression, two clauses of semantic independent, and the main body. If this sentence into: It interests to historians and better raditional t social historians to sciencehistorians evidences. (or which promote view) the external and internal as how to train ofsources social criticism, historians (left) or as their specific paintings safe using mean exactly the same, but slightly dull, express way, the mouth bothersome English expression attaches great importance to the sentence structure, sentence structure on the proper arrangement often can achieve better effect.
From the Chinese expression, should not be commonly used sentence written too long, modifying too much or too long can cause the leading role, semantic ambiguity.

We look at this sentence literal translation:

It applies equally to history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism of traditional historians, and the specific historical research methods of equal social science historians.

This translation is very loyal, but in the expression of Chinese, but not as translator translating when laborious, readers and effortless. Now we take the adjust:
It is also suitable for traditional historians and social science historians, traditional historians (or former) will be history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism, social science historians (or the equivalent in the history research activities) specific research methods.

Obviously, after adjusting for one of the more smooth and more clearly. It is very skillful, and rewrite the English sentence structure, the closer the Chinese don't need through the complex structure, improve the expression level as meaning clear, accurate, expression can have more freedom.

2 how Chinese sentences in English sentences. Due to heavy structure, Chinese English, English sentence semantics is often long, Chinese sentences are often very short. This translation of the above example has been played very well. Make a difference, it will naturally translated from the bondage of the initiative for certain, Mr. Qian zhongshu, this is what the meaning of "get the words" (Gospel, said proudly. Forget

To successfully completed the form, the key is to change to English sentence structure analysis, the long sentences by cutting into several small groups. See below for example:

(2) and. Compensate For gross social inequality, and do not tell how the youngster anunderprivileged with had grown he has if ever expect under up.
This sentence for 31 words. From the structure, it is the main (.) +.. do not intended for predicate (j..) + object clauses with an underprivileged youngster (how) if.. + isplaced (had); he.. From the semantic, it has four layers: can't? So can't? There will be much talent? If? . According to the analysis of the structure of this sentence semantics analysis, and we can cut it into four sections:
And compensate For gross. Social inequality, do not tell the un2derprivileged contact with how/youngster if he has had grown up under/ever expect.

Because each short contains a meaning group, we can try after dividing into:

For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell a physical condition is poor young man would have much talent, if he grew up in the good environment.

So it is clear that, ok, but also the basic Chinese carefully check. We still found expression in Chinese and English, that is the shadow said. "if the condition?" In the last sentence is accord with Chinese expression custom. Next we will speak on English and Chinese in this aspect.

3 more English before, after more than Chinese. So-called gravity is the first said before said after details. Focus is to say after that result after details. Due to the Chinese focus on the translation should modify behind:? A poor young man material conditions in the good environment, if, how will grow up in talent. Here we see a:

(3) is no whether each methodology to your.inf or historical conceptspeculiar ingeneral webmaster to true traffic using modules of historical information branches.

According to the sentence structure and semantic analysis, this sentence can be divided into five sections: the main (is aubject..) + clauses (whether..) + rear attributive (peculiar to..) + selective paratactic clauses (or..) + rear attributive modules (to)... From the semantic, the result is that the details, clauses. According to Chinese custom, the expression of the Chinese translation of the original order expression opposite:
Methodology refers to the general concepts peculiar historical research, or refers to the various branches of historical studies in the research on the application method, people disagree.

If the English expressions in order to translate, Chinese couldn't. Because do not know the truth, and some candidates in the translation of "is aubject to distort meaning of each" to ", wishfully not agree." "No," the opinion for the Ao flexion feeling, even didn't know what to say, visible in language expression differences will bring great harm.

4 English much more active and passive Chinese. Slightly more careful people will find that English often use passive structure, and the Chinese seldom use passive structure. Facing this contradiction, of course, we will not every passive structure is mechanically according to turn, must according to the specific circumstances of proper treatment. Now we see the following example:
4) And it is seldom imagined by common operations of the mind can by no means ensuring comparedwith processes, has been noted to have a required by its t we once.

This sentence is three passive structure:? Is imagined? And? The echoes.? And? He required? . The first passive structure

Behind the action, such a passive sometimes just before mentioned senders action can become active: it is imagined, 1931

Contains many pretty? Imagine that seldom =? Therefore the up easier to: "a lot of people think?" It belongs to the first initiative passively

Circumstances. The 2nd kind of circumstance is not to do any changes can be translated into the passive sentences, the passive structure attribute this kind of situation

Condition, can be directly translated as echoes compared with? "" because" by comparison with? "in Chinese is obviously wrong. The third kind

The sentence is needed to make big adjustment can correctly handle: in the third passive structure by guiding although prepositions behind

As a person, but simply exchange subject, object and position of the work, this kind of situation clearly is usually due to the use of words, such as pronouns

They really mean? Verbs are required in what mean? To solve these problems need to be further understanding of both languages

In terms of the differences.

5. English more Chinese pronouns. In front of the case, except (3), and the rest were: (1) the pronoun in it,

In (2), (4) they have it and they that English often use pronouns. Chinese, but also use pronouns used frequency obviously not

If English is high. Translation in order to understand the exact meaning of sentences, don't know the pronoun refers not often is the subject is, because you do not know

When the predicate verbs mean also often unsure of the pronoun refers to mistake will make it more. Such as: (1) it refers to the former

Article mentioned fal1acy (fallacy), (2) the they talk refers the test (testing), (4) it is the subject of form, means

"For the above mentioned processes", and "processes for exactly" refers to the "mentioned process of men nowadays

The train "(these scientists thought process). Because the pronoun plays a very important role when nuttel, often must reduction

Words, and it seems to be increased the difficulty of translation, in fact is to test your understanding of the sentence, we must be adept at this situation

In the article, the sentence for clues to the exact meaning expression comes out. Now we see cases (4) :

Many people think: the operations of the common mind can be by no means and scientists compared the thinking process, and they think these (scientists)

Thinking process must by a sort of special training.

Note the noun "into the pronoun they thought process;? "Master required. Translated," no, not passive and meaning

Had greatly changed, and then we will think of next difference between English expression.

6 English more Chinese extension reasoning. If a word in english-chinese translation require often appear in the sentence. Our feeling is that this word

Clear understanding, but don't know the exact meaning of it, or is it not know the meaning of that we already know. One reason may be very complex

Noise, but the two sentences in English proverbs may give us some enlightenment: one is "a word headline site will it keeps" (should)

Know the meaning of a word is watching it? What is the word around), "There is another thing that you have meaning and virtue

"(word meaning for the righteous with life, righteousness without words). That is, in particular environment tend to generate new meanings. From the original

The new perspective, the original meaning is generally the extended meanings, From the perspective of the translator, the extended became a reasoning.

Let's look at an example:

(5) list as the affiliate definitions of seldom promote affiliate are historians, as have different

Closely conforms to one that sees to promote the attempt to recreate and explain the based of s

Will.

"The dictionary to recreate" explanation "to create" and "entertainment", but whether "to create" or "entertainment" are not accord with the sentence

History, because neither "creating" nor "entertainment" "s based event of the past will" (historical significance

A). Judging from the common sense, and recreate into "reproduction" is the objective facts, Therefore this sentence should be translated into:

Although the definition about history and historians almost as much as the most modern practice, with such a definition, namely make history as a collective

To the great historical events and interpretation.

Note the pronoun one noun "translated into definition. English: why, why one with Chinese, this also involves two languages

In the expression of another distinction.

7. English, Chinese much repetition. Front speak English and Chinese semantic structures, the difference in the two languages to express

The same conceptual difference when: English or change the expression, or in a different word, as one of the above mentioned is replaced with nouns, pronouns to avoid repeated use a word, for example to show the view (1)? As and left? It refers to the paintings that "or"

"As", for example. (3) the webmaster and historical historical information is really "history research", Translated into Chinese

When they have this change, the repeated repetition, just when they mean correct. In front of the various examples has more or less

Some repetitive phenomenon, which is the best example. Here we see the difference between English expression last.

More and more Chinese English abstract, and concrete. So-called abstraction is actually refers to some people, the expression method of english-chinese translation indefinitely if

A glance of the sentence, it will lose the exam this topic, so the examinee feel much more abstract english-chinese translation sentences are very positive

Often, and the final purpose of translation is to let people understand the meaning of sentences, so lets a person cannot appear in the expression of all. From this meaning

Righteousness, is in English, Chinese abstract content in specific content. Look at the following sentences:

(8) please, my Odd cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of adding respected

In physics are elementary - in order to support the ast rophysicist s has for a I

It is t decade ahead I rue a decade it is t rue.

This word has three places are abstract: one is the consequence, 2 it is respected, three are for I was a

Decade. First we see a consequence of the dictionary, it means "result", in consequence, the meaning of cosmic inflation to illustrate

The expansion of the universe (said) seems to have no point, because it tells us from Big Bang (Big Bang theory) developed a kind of view,

Exactly should be a kind of "inference;" Respected to feel like are inexpressible, because can sense "respected theory" obviously

Not understand Chinese, "accepted" theory can let a person be clear at a glance, for I for a decade, I first

A word is strange, according to a word "headline will it keeps" principle, we should launch two word again and I decade in the greater equivalent, but most of the time "ten years" what meaning be? "Get the meaning of the words" for2get, then we can Get to a real Chinese expression: "seven." Below is the whole sentence translation: the expansion of the universe

Sounds strange, but it is the basic theory of particle physics recognized in some scientifically plausible consequence, eight many astrophysicists have been convinced for the theory is correct.

Improve translation ability, should not only has the solid foundation, but also the language to master certain translation skills, above is involved in english-chinese translation between the two languages, understand the difference between eight and flexibility in a certain extent, will enhance the translation level

Answer 2

5. The example in front of them, in addition to (3), the rest are pronouns occur: (1) there is it,

(2) there are they, (4) there are in it, and they, This shows that the English often use pronouns. Although the use of pronouns in Chinese, but the use of frequency was significantly higher than English. Translation, in order to clarify the exact meaning of the sentence I do not know pronouns to refer to often does not work, because they do not understand what the subject is the predicate verb meaning often can not be determined, wrong pronoun translation will be referred to more impact. “the process of these men of Such as (a) it refers to the earlier mentioned fal1acy (false), (2) of the text they refer to the talking test (test), (4) it is the form in the subject, they then refer to the previously mentioned The "these processes", and "these processes" specifically refers to the above mentioned "the process of these men of

science "(The scientists thought process). Because these pronouns play a very important role, translated into Chinese often must be restored as a noun, it appears to be increasing the difficulty of translation, in fact he is examine your sentence understand it, when this happens, we should be good at looking for clues from the article to express the exact meaning of the sentence. Now we look at cases (4) in Chinese translation:
Many people believe that: the activities of ordinary people's thinking, and scientists could not compare the thought processes, they think that these (scientists)

Thought process must go through some kind of special training to acquire.
Note that pronoun they translated into the terms? "Thinking process"; be required to the "master" is not only a passive no, but great changes have taken place in meaning, then we naturally think of the next one difference between English and Chinese to express .

6. Our feeling is that this word is clearly recognized, but not know its exact meaning, or it is not clear about what we already know that meaning. “Words do not have meaning , but people have One reason may be very complex, but the two English proverb may give us some enlightenment: one is "You know a word by the company it keeps" (to know the meaning of a word depends on what words around it); The other one is "Words do not have meaning, but people have

meaning for them” meaning for them "(the term of this lack of justice, righteousness with life). In other words, the word in a particular environment tend to produce a new meaning. from the original author's point of view, the new meanings are usually the original meaning The extended; from the translator's point of view, this will become an extended reasoning.

Here we look at an example:

(5) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians , modern practice most (5) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most

closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant event s of the closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant event s of the

past . past.

“the significant event s of the past”。 "Recreate" The dictionary as a "re-creation" and "entertainment", but whether it is "re-create" or "entertainment" are not consistent with the meaning of the sentence, because history can not "re-create" can not "entertainment" "the significant event s of the past "(the last major historical events). From the common sense to judge, recreate to "reproduce" more in line with objective facts; so this sentence should be translated into:

Although the definition and historians on the history of almost as many of the most modern practice in line with such a definition, that is history as a major historical events of the past representation and explanation.

Why the English one, why the Chinese use "definition", which in turn involves two kinds of language in expressing another one difference.

7. Re-structure in front of spoken English, Chinese re-semantics, this difference has led to two kinds of languages express the same concept of the difference: English either change the expression, or for a different word, such as the one just mentioned above, is to use pronouns instead of nouns, in order to avoid re-use the word definition, cases of (1) of the view? as and equate? with are in fact refers to "think" or "to? as" cases (3) of the historical work and the historical inquiry are actually "historical research" means; translated into Chinese, when you do not necessarily need this kind of change, when the repeated duplication, as long as the correct meaning of the line. Images of the translation in front of the various more or less have some duplication, this is the best example. Here we see a difference between English and Chinese to express the final.

8.The so-called abstraction is actually referring to a number of people Sidongfeidong expression, English-Chinese Translation if we are all looking to understand a sentence, it will lose the significance of examination of such kinds of questions, so feel a lot of English-Chinese Translation Candidates sentences are relatively abstract is normal, while the translation of the ultimate goal is to allow people to understand the meaning of a sentence, so translation can not appear people Sidongfeidong expression. In this sense, is indeed more than the contents of the abstract in English, Chinese and more specific content. Look at the following sentence:

(8) Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected (8) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected

ideas in elementary - particle physics ,and many ast rophysicist s have been convinced for the better part of a ideas in elementary - particle physics, and many ast rophysicist s have been convinced for the better part of a

decade that it is t rue the better part of a decade that it is t rue. decade that it is t rue the better part of a decade that it is t rue.

These words have three places are relatively abstract: The first consequence, the second is a respected ideas, three are for the better part of a

decade。 decade. we look at the consequence, which the dictionary means "the consequences of the results," with this meaning to describe cosmic inflation

(Expansion of the universe say) does not seem the point, because the article tells us that it is from the Big Bang (the big bang theory) developed a view,

respected ideas people feel as if that can do unspeakable, because "respectable theory" is obviously not clear in Chinese, "accepted theory" will makes clear at a glance: As far as for the better part of a decade, first of all better

“Get the meaning ,for2 A rather strange use of the word, according to "you know a word by the company it keeps" principle, we should part and the decade from the launch of two words better at this is equivalent to greater, and "ten years most of the time" is What does that mean? with the "Get the meaning, for2

get the words”。 get the words "the way we can get an authentic Chinese expression:" 2078. "Here is the translation of the whole sentence: Although the expansion of the universe seems strange to listen to, but it is generally accepted theory of elementary particle physics, some of the scientific appears credible inference, in 2078 to a number of astrophysicists have always thought that the doctrine is correct.

Improve translation capabilities, not only to the language with a solid foundation, but also possess a certain amount of translation skills, the above are involved in English-Chinese translation of the eight major difference between the two languages to understand these differences and the light of actual flexibility in the use, to a certain extent on the will increase the translation level, to capture this bastion of English-Chinese translation.

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