ç²ç·çç§
CH4+2O2âCO2+2H2O(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹ç)
ç²ç·éç»ç©ºæ°é«æ¸©å解
ç²ç·å解å¾å¤æï¼ä»¥ä¸æ¯æç»å解ãCH4âC+2H2ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºé«æ¸©é«åï¼å¬ååï¼
ç²ç·åæ°¯æ°åçå代ååº
CH4+Cl2âCH3Cl+HCl
CH3Cl+Cl2âCH2Cl2+HCl
CH2Cl2+Cl2âCHCl3+HCl
CHCl3+Cl2âCCl4+HCl ï¼æ¡ä»¶é½ä¸ºå
ç
§ã ï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ç²ç·
CH3COONa+NaOHâNa2CO3+CH4ï¼æ¡ä»¶æ¯CaO å çï¼
ä¹ç¯çç§
CH2=CH2+3O2â2CO2+2H2O(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹ç¯å溴水
CH2=CH2+Br2âCH2Br-CH2Br
ä¹ç¯åæ°´
CH2=CH2+H20âCH3CH2OH ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹ç¯åæ°¯åæ°¢
CH2=CH2+HClâCH3-CH2Cl
ä¹ç¯åæ°¢æ°
CH2=CH2+H2âCH3-CH3 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹ç¯èå
nCH2=CH2â-[-CH2-CH2-]n- ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
æ°¯ä¹ç¯èå
nCH2=CHClâ-[-CH2-CHCl-]n- ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ä¹ç¯
CH3CH2OHâCH2=CH2â+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå çï¼æµH2SO4ï¼
ä¹ççç§
C2H2+3O2â2CO2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹çå溴水
C2H2+2Br2âC2H2Br4
ä¹çåæ°¯åæ°¢
两æ¥ååºï¼C2H2+HClâC2H3Cl--------C2H3Cl+HClâC2H4Cl2
ä¹çåæ°¢æ°
两æ¥ååºï¼C2H2+H2âC2H4âC2H2+2H2âC2H6 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ä¹ç
CaC2+2H2OâCa(OH)2+C2H2â
以é£çãæ°´ãç³ç°ç³ãç¦ç为åæåæèä¹ç¯çæ¹ç¨å¼ã
CaCO3 === CaO + CO2 2CaO+5C===2CaC2+CO2
CaC2+2H2OâC2H2+Caï¼OHï¼2
C+H2O===CO+H2-----é«æ¸©
C2H2+H2âC2H4 ----ä¹çå æçæä¹ç¯
C2H4å¯èå
è¯çç§
2C6H6+15O2â12CO2+6H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
è¯å液溴çå代
C6H6+Br2âC6H5Br+HBr
è¯åæµç¡«é
¸æµç¡é
¸
C6H6+HNO3âC6H5NO2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºæµç¡«é
¸ï¼
è¯åæ°¢æ°
C6H6+3H2âC6H12 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹éå®å
¨çç§çæ¹ç¨å¼
C2H5OH+3O2â2CO2+3H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹éçå¬åæ°§åçæ¹ç¨å¼
2CH3CH2OH+O2â2CH3CHO+2H2Oï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼ï¼è¿æ¯æ»æ¹ç¨å¼ï¼
ä¹éåçæ¶å»ååºçæ¹ç¨å¼
CH3CH2OHâCH2=CH2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºæµç¡«é
¸ 170ææ°åº¦ï¼
两ååä¹éåçååé´è±æ°´
2CH3CH2OHâCH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O (æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååæµç¡«é
¸ 140ææ°åº¦)
ä¹éåä¹é
¸åçé
¯åååºçæ¹ç¨å¼
CH3COOH+C2H5OHâCH3COOC2H5+H2O
ä¹é
¸åé
Mg+2CH3COOHâ(CH3COO)2Mg+H2
ä¹é
¸åæ°§åé
2CH3COOH+CaOâ(CH3CH2ï¼2Ca+H2O
ä¹é
¸å氢氧åé
CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOHâCH3COONa+CH3CH2OH
ä¹é
¸å碳é
¸é
Na2CO3+2CH3COOHâ2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2â
ç²éåæ°å¶ç氢氧åé CHO+4Cu(OH)2â2Cu2O+CO2â+5H2O
ä¹éåæ°å¶ç氢氧åé
CH3CHO+2CuâCu2O(æ²æ·)+CH3COOH+2H2O
ä¹éæ°§å为ä¹é
¸
2CH3CHO+O2â2CH3COOH(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååæå 温ï¼
2.ä¹ç¯çå®éªå®¤å¶æ³
(1)ååºåçï¼CH3CH2OH===CH2=CH2â+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå çï¼æµH2SO4ï¼
ä¹ççå®éªå®¤å¶æ³ï¼CaC2+2H2OâCa(OH)2+C2H2â
ï¼1ï¼æ°§åååºï¼
aï¼å¯çæ§ï¼2C2H2+5O2 â 4CO2+2H2O
ä¸H2çå æ
CHâ¡CH+H2 â CH2ï¼CH2
ä¸H2çå æ
两æ¥ååºï¼C2H2+H2âC2H4
C2H2+2H2âC2H6 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
æ°¯ä¹ç¯ç¨äºå¶èæ°¯ä¹ç¯
C2H2+HClâC2H3Cl nCH2=CHClâ=-[-CH2-CHCl-]n- ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ï¼3ï¼ç±äºä¹çä¸ä¹ç¯é½æ¯ä¸é¥±åçï¼æ以åå¦æ§è´¨åºæ¬ç¸ä¼¼ãéå±å代ååºï¼å°ä¹çéå
¥æº¶æéå±é ç液氨éææ°¢æ°æ¾åºãä¹çä¸é¶æ°¨æº¶æ¶²ååºï¼äº§çç½è²ä¹çé¶æ²æ·.
1ã å¤åçï¼å®è½å¢ï¼å¤åå
å¨ç¢±ç溶液ä¸åçâ水解ååºâï¼çæé
å¨ç¢±çé溶液ä¸åçâæ¶å»ååºâï¼å¾å°ä¸é¥±åç
2ã éï¼å®è½å¢ï¼éç¾åº
è½ä¸é ååºï¼äº§çæ°¢æ°
è½åçæ¶å»å¾å°ä¸é¥±åçï¼ä¸ç¾åºç¸è¿ç碳ç´æ¥ç¸è¿ç碳ååä¸å¦æ没ææ°¢ååï¼ä¸è½åçæ¶å»ï¼
è½ä¸ç¾§é
¸åçé
¯åååº
è½è¢«å¬åæ°§åæéï¼ä¼¯éæ°§åæéï¼ä»²éæ°§åæé
®ï¼åéä¸è½è¢«å¬åæ°§åï¼
3ã éï¼å®è½å¢ï¼éåº
è½ä¸é¶æ°¨æº¶æ¶²åçé¶éååº
è½ä¸æ°å¶ç氢氧åé溶液ååºçæ红è²æ²æ·
è½è¢«æ°§åæ羧é
¸
è½è¢«å æ°¢è¿åæé
4ã é
ï¼å®è½å¢ï¼é
ç¾åº
å
·æé
¸æ§
è½é ååºå¾å°æ°¢æ°
é
ç¾åºä½¿è¯ç¯æ§è´¨æ´æ´»æ³¼ï¼è¯ç¯ä¸æåçå代ï¼é
ç¾åºå¨è¯ç¯ä¸æ¯é»å¯¹ä½å®ä½åº
è½ä¸ç¾§é
¸åçé
¯å
5ã 羧é
¸ï¼å®è½å¢ï¼ç¾§åº
å
·æé
¸æ§ï¼ä¸è¬é
¸æ§å¼ºäºç¢³é
¸ï¼
è½ä¸é ååºå¾å°æ°¢æ°
ä¸è½è¢«è¿åæéï¼æ³¨ææ¯âä¸è½âï¼
è½ä¸éåçé
¯åååº
6ã é
¯ï¼å®è½å¢ï¼é
¯åº
è½åç水解å¾å°é
¸åé
ç©è´¨çå¶åï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ç²ç·
CH3COONa+NaOHâNa2CO3+CH4 ï¼æ¡ä»¶æ¯CaO å çï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ä¹ç¯
CH3CH2OHâCH2=CH2â+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå çï¼æµH2SO4ï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ä¹ç
CaC2+2H2OâCa(OH)2+C2H2â
å·¥ä¸å¶åä¹éï¼
C2H4+H20âCH3CH2OH ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹éçå¶å
ä¹çæ°´åæ³ï¼C2H2+H2OâC2H4O(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼å çå å)
ä¹ç¯æ°§åæ³ï¼2 CH2=CH2+O2â2CH3CHO(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼å ç)
ä¹éæ°§åæ³ï¼2CH3CH2OH+O2â2CH3CHO+2H2Oï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼å çï¼
ä¹é
¸çå¶å
ä¹éæ°§å为ä¹é
¸ ï¼2CH3CHO+O2â2CH3COOH(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬åååå 温ï¼
å èååºï¼
ä¹ç¯èå
nCH2=CH2â-[-CH2-CH2-]n- ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
æ°¯ä¹ç¯èå
nCH2=CHClâ-[-CH2-CHCl-]n- ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
æ°§åååºï¼
ç²ç·çç§
CH4+2O2âCO2+2H2O(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹ç)
ä¹ç¯çç§
CH2=CH2+3O2â2CO2+2H2O(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹ççç§
C2H2+3O2â2CO2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
è¯çç§
2C6H6+15O2â12CO2+6H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹éå®å
¨çç§çæ¹ç¨å¼
C2H5OH+3O2â2CO2+3H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹éçå¬åæ°§åçæ¹ç¨å¼
2CH3CH2OH+O2â2CH3CHO+2H2Oï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹éçå¬åæ°§åï¼
CH3CHO+O2â2CH3COOH (æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååå ç)
å代ååºï¼ææºç©ååä¸çæäºååæååå¢è¢«å
¶ä»ååæååå¢æ代æ¿çååºå«åå代ååºã
ç²ç·åæ°¯æ°åçå代ååº
CH4+Cl2âCH3Cl+HCl
CH3Cl+Cl2âCH2Cl2+HCl
CH2Cl2+Cl2âCHCl3+HCl
CHCl3+Cl2âCCl4+HCl
ï¼æ¡ä»¶é½ä¸ºå
ç
§ãï¼
è¯åæµç¡«é
¸æµç¡é
¸
C6H6+HNO3âC6H5NO2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºæµç¡«é
¸ï¼
è¯ä¸è¯çåç³»ç©ä¸å¤ç´ åè´¨ãæµç¡é
¸ççå代ãå¦ï¼
é
ä¸æµæº´æ°´çå代ãå¦ï¼
ç·çä¸å¤ç´ åè´¨å¨å
ç
§ä¸çå代ãå¦ï¼
é
¯åååºãé
¸åéå¨æµç¡«é
¸ä½ç¨ä¸çæé
¯åæ°´çååºï¼å
¶å®è´¨æ¯ç¾§åºä¸ç¾åºçæé
¯åºåæ°´çååºãå¦ï¼
水解ååºãæ°´ååä¸ç-OHæ-Hå代ææºååç©ä¸çååæååå¢çååºå«æ°´è§£ååºã
â å¤ä»£ç水解çæéãå¦ï¼
â¡é
¯æ°´è§£çæ羧é
¸ï¼ç¾§é
¸çï¼åéãå¦ï¼
ä¹é
¸ä¹é
¯ç水解ï¼
CH3COOC2H5+H2OâCH3COOH+C2H5OH(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºæ æºé
¸å¼ç¢±)
å æååºã
ä¸é¥±åç碳ååè·å
¶ä»ååæååå¢ç»åçæå«çææºç©çååºã
ä¹ç¯å溴水
CH2=CH2+Br2âCH2Br-CH2Br
ä¹ç¯åæ°´
CH2=CH2+H20âCH3CH2OH ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹ç¯åæ°¯åæ°¢
CH2=H2+HClâCH3-CH2Cl
ä¹ç¯åæ°¢æ°
CH2=CH2+H2âCH3-CH3 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹çå溴水
C2H2+2Br2âC2H2Br4
ä¹çåæ°¯åæ°¢
两æ¥ååºï¼C2H2+HClâC2H3Cl--------C2H3Cl+HClâC2H4Cl2
ä¹çåæ°¢æ°
两æ¥ååºï¼C2H2+H2âC2H4---------C2H2+2H2âC2H6 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
è¯åæ°¢æ°
C6H6+3H2âC6H12 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
æ¶å»ååºãææºååä¸è±å»ä¸ä¸ªå°ååï¼æ°´ãå¤åæ°¢çï¼ï¼èçæä¸é¥±åï¼å«ç¢³ç¢³åé®æ碳碳ä¸é®ï¼ååç©çååºã
ä¹éåçæ¶å»ååºçæ¹ç¨å¼
CH3CH2OHâCH2=CH2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºæµç¡«é
¸ 170ææ°åº¦ï¼
两ååä¹éåçååé´è±æ°´
2CH3CH2OHâCH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O (æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååæµç¡«é
¸ 140ææ°åº¦)
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考