Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized university education. Many government jurisdictions also have licensing procedures which require engineering graduates to pass an examination, similar to the bar examinations for a lawyer,before they can actively start on their careers.
In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are heavily emphasized throughout the engineering curriculum , but particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering,so it is greatly stressed. Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering, classifying, and using numerical data, or pieces of in{ormation. An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors,or variables, that can change the results of a problem. Before the construction of a bridge is undertaken, for example,a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic the bridge will be expected to handle. In the design of the bridge, variables sueh as water pressure on the foundations, impact, the effects of different wind forces, and many other factors must be considered.
Because a great deal of calculation is involved in solving these problems, computer programming is now included in almost all engineering curricula. Computers, of course, can solve many problems involving calculations with greater speed and accuracy than a human being can. But computers are useless unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information--in other words, a good program.
In spite of the heavy emphasis on technical subjects in the engineering curriculum, a current trend is to require students to take courses in the social sciences and the language arts. the relationship between engineering and society is getting closer; it is sufficient, therefore, to say again that the work performed by an engineer affects society in many different and important ways that he or she should be aware of. An engineer also needs a sufficient corem and of language to be able to prepare reports that are clear and, in many cases, persuasive. An engineer engaged in research will need to be able to write up his or her findings for scientific publications.
The last two years of an engineering program include subiects within the student's field of specialization. For the student who is preparing to become a civil engineer, these specialized courses may deal with such subjects as geodetic surveying, soil mechanics, or hydraulics.
做毕业设计用的，请不要用软件，我用了好多了，错误太多...这里先谢过各位热心的朋友了．．．