that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

同位语从句与定语从句的区别（Comparison of Appositive Clause and Attributive Clause)
同位语从句常常可译成“…的（想法，消息等）”。因此有的语法书将此归为定语从句一类。事实上，同位语从句定语从句有着以下显著的区别：
（1）从意义上来说，前者对一个名词加以补充说明解释，后者对一个名词进行修饰和限定。
（2) 从结构上来说，前者由连接词引导，连接词在从句中不充当任何成分；后者由关系词引导，关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。试比较：
The idea that one can do thework without thinking is wrong. （同位语从句，that在从句中不允当成分）不动脑筋就能做这个工作的想法是错误的。
The idea that you put forward atthe meeting is wrong. （定语从句，that在从句中充当宾语）你在会上提出的想法是错误的。

Answer 2

that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1、性质不同
同位语从句是名词性从句，是对一个名词加以补充说明，定语从句是形容词性的，对一个名词加以修饰限定。

The news（that）he told me is really encouraging.(定语从句)
The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.(同位语从句)
2、句法功能不同
同位语从句的连接词不充当句子成分，但不可省略；定语从句的关系代词代替先行词在句中充当成分，充当宾语时可省略。
The news that he told me is really encouraging.(that在定语从句中做宾语)
The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.(that在同位语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用)
3、先行词不同
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常是抽象名词，有一定的内涵。常见的有idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, truth, possibility, promise, order，news, order, ability等等。
定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛，可以是名词､代词､主句的一部分甚至整个句子｡