第2个回答 2021-08-06
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xqywpYCCbIdIzKPYRLaNTw
提取码: qmrq
拼音是打好小学语文基础的第一步，一年级语文老师们就开始教拼音课了，可是很多孩子并没有完全掌握，导致失去了学习的信心。上课不敢发言、怕出错……一系列问题就会出现。
教孩子学拼音也是让很多家长都“头疼”的一件事，23个声母、24个韵母、还有单韵母、复韵母、鼻韵母……晕！家长不仅要有耐心、更要有大把的时间才能帮助孩子理解。
王芳老师带来独一无二的“拼音课”，用公主和王子的组合让孩子们通俗易懂的学拼音。
希望可以帮到您和您的孩子。
第4个回答 2020-12-11
“跟着我，有肉吃！”───这是洗脑。
“每个人都有追求幸福和自由的权利。”───这是启蒙。
图片
“你怎么连父母、老师、领导的话都不听了？”───这是洗脑。
“用自己眼睛去观察，用自己头脑去思考，用自己双脚去行走。”
───这是启蒙。
“只要努力，就能成功”───这是洗脑。
“能做你喜欢的事情，就是幸福。”───这是启蒙。
洗脑，让人盲目服从上级，使自己成为工具；
启蒙，让人认真思考，使自己成为主人。
二、忍耐与追求
“没办法的，大家不都是这样吗？”───这是洗脑。
“大家都这样，就是正确的吗？”───这是启蒙。
“人生苦短，何必活那么累？”───这是洗脑。
“向死而生，为自己的生活赋予意义！”───这是启蒙。
“人生痛苦识字始，难得糊涂！”───这是洗脑。
“我们都是‘被出生’的，那就活得明白一点！”───这是启蒙。
洗脑，让人忍耐，大家都这样，不要出头改变；
启蒙，让人追求，以主人姿态，追求幸福。
三、适应与变革
“改变不了环境，就适应它。”───这是洗脑。
“即使改变不了环境，也不要被环境改变了自己。”───这是启蒙。
“现实的就是合理的。”───这是洗脑。
“合理的会是现实的。”───这是启蒙。
洗脑，让人适应环境，不求改变；
启蒙，让人变革现状，打造美好环境。
四、国家与个人
“大河有水小河满，大河无水小河干！”───这是洗脑。
“小河有水大河满，小河无水大河干！”───这是启蒙。
“国家不强盛，人民无自由。”───这是洗脑。
“人民无自由，国家不强盛。”───这是启蒙。
“家不可一日无主，国不可一日无君！”───这是洗脑。
“人人生而平等，法律之下或有君但无主！”───这是启蒙。
五、引领与跟风
“西班牙斗牛部落时尚布鞋引领整个行业市场，潮人一族人人必备一双。”───这是洗脑。
“时尚没有时间限制，随性的选择在于自身的快乐，别人的时尚并不是自己的标准。”───这是启蒙。图片
反洗脑，只要做到两点就可以了：
第一，尊重常识，不要相信奇迹，相信奇迹不是“理想主义”，而是“投机分子”；
第二，保持独立批判精神，要对任何事情质疑，分析，不从众……
路哥曰：
洗脑与启蒙，有时候还真就在那么一线之间，你能区分么？小记：在阅读中偶然发现，康德的《何谓启蒙》这篇在人类近代两百多年历史上具有重大意义的文献，竟然找不到一个文通字顺的中文好译本，这于我实在是个不小的惊讶。本人并非翻译专业，德文不懂，英文粗通，断不敢班门弄斧，妄自尊大。但是，深爱哲学、深爱康德、深受启蒙思想影响的我，实在无法接受现有的几个中译版本。故而生此念头：自己动手，从英译本转译。不为发表，不为论争，纯属个人喜爱，并觉得有些意义。还望诸位友邻、博雅君子，多多帮助，不吝赐教。
What is Enlightenment? (1784) 何谓启蒙（1784）？
Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another. This immaturity is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use it without guidance from another. Sapere Aude! [dare to know] "Have courage to use your own understanding!"--that is the motto of enlightenment.
启蒙就是人类从自我造成的不成熟状态中解脱出来。不成熟是指缺少他人的教导就没有能力运用自己的理智。这种不成熟状态之所以是自我造成的，其原因不在于缺少理智，而在于没有他人的教导就缺乏运用自己理智的决心和勇气。Sapere Aude! [要勇于认知] “要有勇气运用你自己的理智！” —— 这就是启蒙运动的格言。
Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why so great a proportion of men, long after nature has released them from alien guidance (natura-liter maiorennes), nonetheless gladly remain in lifelong immaturity, and why it is so easy for others to establish themselves as their guardians. It is so easy to be immature. If I have a book to serve as my understanding, a pastor to serve as my conscience, a physician to determine my diet for me, and so on, I need not exert myself at all. I need not think, if only I can pay: others will readily undertake the irksome work for me. The guardians who have so benevolently taken over the supervision of men have carefully seen to it that the far greatest part of them (including the entire fair sex) regard taking the step to maturity as very dangerous, not to mention difficult. Having first made their domestic livestock dumb, and having carefully made sure that these docile creatures will not take a single step without the go-cart to which they are harnessed, these guardians then show them the danger that threatens them, should they attempt to walk alone. Now this danger is not actually so great, for after falling a few times they would in the end certainly learn to walk; but an example of this kind makes men timid and usually frightens them out of all further attempts.
人类中之所以还有如此众多的人，即使自然早已将他们从疏离的外在教导中解脱出来（因自然方式而成熟），却依然心甘情愿地终身安处于不成熟状态之中，其原因就在于懒惰和怯懦，这也是为什么另一些人能够轻而易举地把自己标举为他们的监护者。处于不成熟状态可真是轻松安逸啊。如果我有一本书来充作我自己的见解、有一位牧师来充作我自己的良心、有一名医生来替我自己决定合理的食饮，等等等等诸如此类的，那我又何必要自己劳心费神，那完全没有必要了。我无需思考，只需要有能力支付：其他人就会欣然应命帮我把那些伤脑筋的讨厌活儿全都包办了。仁慈慷慨地担负起治理民众之任的监护者们小心翼翼地看护着，以确保民众中的绝大部分人（其中包括全部的女性）视通往成熟之路为畏途，充满了风险，更别说困难重重了。在首先使他们驯养的牲口缄默无声之后，在确信这些温顺的生灵们即使被撤去拴缚在身上的络辔也不会再挪移一步之时，一旦当它们试图想独自迈步，这些监护者们就会向它们指出种种的威胁。这危险现在看来实际上并没有那么严重，因为在跌倒几次之后，人们最终一定能够学会自己走路的；但诸如此类的示例却让人们心生胆怯，通常就会把他们进一步尝试的所有企图全都吓退了。
Thus, it is difficult for any individual man to work himself out of the immaturity that has all but become his nature. He has even become fond of this state and for the time being is actually incapable of using his own understanding, for no one has ever allowed him to attempt it. Rules and formulas, those mechanical aids to the rational use, or rather misuse, of his natural gifts, are the shackles of a permanent immaturity. Whoever threw them off would still make only an uncertain leap over the smallest ditch, since he is unaccustomed to this kind of free movement. Consequently, only a few have succeeded, by cultivating their own minds, in freeing themselves from immaturity and pursuing a secure course.
因此，对于任何一个个体而言，要把自身从那种几乎已经变成他自己天性的不成熟状态中解脱出来是困难的。他甚至已经开始喜欢上这种状态了，并且在这个时候，的的确确无力运用他自己的理智，因为从未有人允许他去作过这样的尝试。条例和规程，这些基于他的自然禀赋的理性运用或更像是误用的机械工具，把他禁锢在永久的不成熟状态中。即使有谁抛开这些禁锢，那也不过是作了一次游移不定而又微乎其微的跳跃，因为他并不习惯于这样的自由行动。其结果就是，仅有少数一些人取得了成功，通过陶冶他们自己的心智，把他们自己从不成熟状态中解救出来，从而踏上一条切实坚信的道路。
But that the public should enlighten itself is more likely; indeed, if it is only allowed freedom, enlightenment is almost inevitable. For even among the entrenched guardians of the great masses a few will always think for themselves, a few who, after having themselves thrown off the yoke of immaturity, will spread the spirit of a rational appreciation for both their own worth and for each person's calling to think for himself. But it should be particularly noted that if a public that was first placed in this yoke by the guardians is suitably aroused by some of those who are altogether incapable of enlightenment, it may force the guardians themselves to remain under the yoke--so pernicious is it to instill prejudices, for they finally take revenge upon their originators, or on their descendants. Thus a public can only attain enlightenment slowly. Perhaps a revolution can overthrow autocratic despotism and profiteering or power-grabbing oppression, but it can never truly reform a manner of thinking; instead, new prejudices, just like the old ones they replace, will serve as a leash for the great unthinking mass.
然而，如果公众要启蒙自己，这却更有可能；事实上，即使公众仅仅只被赋予了自由，那么启蒙就几乎是无可避免的了。因为即使在那些根深节错的群氓监护者们中间，一些人也总是会自己独立进行思考的，一些人在他们自己摆脱了不成熟状态的羁绊后，将会传扬理性评估他们自身价值、并且理性评估每一个人受其天性召唤进行独立思考的那种精神。但需要特别指出的是，如果原本被监护者束缚羁绊的公众是被一群未能经受启蒙思想洗礼的人煽动起来的，他们就可能会使用暴力强制把监护者们自己禁锢在羁绊中 —— 种下偏见本回答被网友采纳