英语语法中谓语动词的三种语气之一.
它们是:陈述语气、祈使语气和
虚拟语气.
一、条件虚拟
1、由连词引导的条件从句,常用的有:
* if/unless 如果/若非
* 3.even if / even though 即便
* in case:万一,如:
--You should bring an umbrella with you,in case it were raining; of cause there’s no rain today
2、省略 if 后的倒装虚拟,如:
* Were I you,What should I do?
* Had he been here five minutes earlier,he would have caught the train.
3、相关动词分词或短语充当连词
*
过去分词:provided,如:
--*We would pay the bonus provided the job had been completed on time yesterday.如果工作在昨天按时完成的话我们会发放奖金的.
* 动词原形:suppose (that),如:
--Suppose (that) I were you.要是我是你多好).
*
现在分词:supposing,如:
--Supposing it were not Saturday tomorrow.假如明天不是星期六(就好了)
4、介词 without 短语表示的条件,如:
--Without electronic computers,much of today's advanced technology would not have been achieved.要是没有电脑的话,就不会取得当前这么多的先进技术
5、but tha t除非,若不是,如:
--They would have got in touch with us two days earlier but that there had been something wrong with the line.若不是线路有问题的话,他们两天前就与我们取得联系了.
二、愿望虚拟
1、名词从句
1)提出建议、发出命令、提出请求、表示见解愿望,下面以suggest及其
派生词为例:
宾语从句:I suggested that he (should常常省略) leave immediately.
表语从句:My suggestion is that he leave immediately.
主语从句:That he (should) leave immediately is my suggestion
同位语从句:My suggestion,that he leave immediately,has not been adopted.
2)用在it is … that 句式表示上述意思,如:
--It is important that he that he (should常常省略) leave immediately.
2、几种特殊的虚拟句式
* wish 从句,如:
-- I wish he knew what is happening there in his room.要是他知道自己的屋子里正发生着什么就好了.(对此时此刻的虚拟)
--He wished he hadn't done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好.(对过去的虚拟)
* would rather 从句
--I would rather you (should) come tomorrow.(对将来的虚拟)我宁可你明天过来(暗含你却来不了.)
* it is time 从句
--It is high time you had got up to have your meal.你早就该起床吃饭了.(但是到现在你还没起来)
* had better 从句
--His mother had better he would have come the next day.他母亲宁愿他第二天过来.
三、套式虚拟句
在表达某些信条的陈述或信仰的自白的时候,常用套式虚拟句.在这种虚拟句中,谓语动词不受人称和时态的约束,只以动词原形出现在句子中.以下是常见的套语:
1.表示祝福
* God belss you 上帝保佑
* God bless my life / my soul!我的天啊!好家伙!
* God speed you!祝你一路平安!
* Long live liberty!自由万岁
2.表示诅咒
* God damn you!天杀的!该死的!
* God forbid!/ Heaven forfend!苍天不容!但愿不会如此!
3.表示发誓
* Far be it from me to …
* Suffice it to say that … 只要说…就够了.
* Come what may / will … 不管发生什么事情
4.表示愿望
* God grant ...!但愿...!
* So be it then.那样也好
* Be that as it may … 尽管这样
5.表示感叹
God help him!唉,真可怜!
Heaven help us!苍天保佑!
关于虚拟语气的时态问题
一、条件虚拟句或特殊句式的虚拟
1、对现在的虚拟
* 主句 —— would/should/could/ought to + 动词原形
* 从句 —— 动词过去形式(动词 be 一律用 were)
2、对过去的虚拟:
* 主句 —— would/should/could/ought to + have done
* 从句 —— 过去完成式 had done
3、对将来虚拟,分三种情况:
1)实现的可能性不大 ——(should可省略,但是要注意只能用should 而不可以用其他
情态动词)do;
2)实现的可能性很小 —— 过去时(did/were)
3)根本不可能实现 —— were to do
二、名词从句中的虚拟一律用“should + 原形”或者省略 should 直接用动词原形
对你如有帮助,望采纳,谢谢