英文翻译,不要在线翻译的

“小李”、“小徐”and so on.. While westerners names are written and spoken with the given name first and the family name last. So John Smith's family name is Smith, not John. In a formal setting, address men as "Mister" (abbreviated as "Mr."), married women as "Misses" (abbreviated as "Mrs."), and unmarried women as "Miss" (abbreviated as "Ms."). These days many women prefer to be addressed using the abbreviations "Ms." or "M.", pronounced "miz". If the person has an M.D. or Ph.D., they will often be addressed as "Doctor" (abbreviated as "Dr."). Faculty are addressed as "Professor" (abbreviated as "Prof.").In an informal situation,westerners will introduce each other by first name, without titles, and occasionally by just the last name. If you are introduced to somebody by first name, you can address him or her by first name the next time you meet. The only exception would be for someone who holds an important position, such as the university president or provost. Unless they tell you otherwise, faculty should be addressed
using their title and last name (e.g., "Professor Smith"). When in doubt, use the formal manner of address, since it is better to err on the side of formality.
It is also appropriate to ask how they prefer to be addressed. Children should always address adults in the formal fashion, using their title and last name. Another difference is about the form of addressing. From the viewpoint of sociolinguistics, forms of addressing can serve as an indication of the relationship of power and solidarity in the society. In calling their superiors or elders, the Chinese are accustomed to the nonreciprocal or asymmetrical addressing, in other words. They use “title +surname” to address their superior or elders rather than call them surnames, while the superior or elders call the addressers their names. The Chinese tend to abide by the polite principle of depreciating oneself and respecting others to show appropriate respects towards the persons being addressed, otherwise, the addresser may be considered as ill mannered, ill educated or rude. But in English speaking countries, people have a tendency to follow the reciprocal or symmetrical addressing. Although they are different in age and status, they can call the other directly, namely, their names, even first names except when they call the doctors, not arousing offence between them, but demonstrating the sense of intimacy and the conception of” Everyone is created equal”. Chinese people feel unnatural addressing a westerner by his given name, feeling that it indicates too close a relationship, and westerners, on the other hand, may feel that if a Chinese insists on using his surname, it indicates an unwillingness to be friendly and maintains a gap between them. So the use of forms like” Miss Mary” or “Mr. Smith ” may be a Chinese forms of compromise.

小李”、“小徐”等。而西方人的名字是书面和口语和给定的名字和家族的姓的最后一刻。所以约翰史密斯的姓史密斯,不是约翰。在一场正式的设置、地址的男性为“先生”(简称“先生”),已婚妇女为“没有”(简称“夫人”),而未婚妇女如同“小姐”(简称“女士”)。这些日子以来,很多女人更喜欢使用缩写解决“女士”或“m”,读作“在”。如果这个人的医学或博士,他们会常常被称为“医生”(简称“博士”)。老师称为“教授”(简称“教授”)。在非正式情形,西方人将介绍彼此的名字,没有冠军,偶尔用只是姓。如果你是用姓介绍给别人的时候,你可以解决他或她用姓下次你遇到。唯一的例外是谁担任一个重要的职务,如大学校长或牧师。除非他们告诉你,否则,教师应该采取措施

使用他们的标题和最后的名字(例如:“史密斯教授”)。有疑问时,使用正式的方式,因为它是地址的稳妥一些方面的形式。

它也是适当的问他们更喜欢要纠正的。孩子们应该始终地址在正式的方式,成年人使用他们的职位或尊姓。另一个区别是约的形式,着力解决的。从社会语言学的角度,形成对可以表明之间关系的力量和团结的社会。在呼唤他们的上司或长老,中国也习惯了nonreciprocal或不对称的寻址,换句话说。他们用“头衔+姓“来解决他们的士气,而不是叫他们姓氏长老,而优越的或长老叫addressers他们的名字。中国倾向于遵守礼貌原则自己和尊重别人贬值对人显示恰当的方面被演说,否则,写信人可以被看作是没有礼貌的、生病的知识分子或不礼貌的。但在说英语的国家里,人们倾向于遵循互惠或对称的寻址。虽然他们是不同的年龄和地位,它们可以打电话到其他直接,也就是,他们的名字,甚至名字除了当他们叫医生,而不是他们之间引起犯罪的感觉,但证明亲密和构想的“人人生而平等。”中国人民感到不自然的解决一个西方人,他的名字也指出,他们感到亲密的关系,西方人来说,另一方面,可能会觉得一个中国坚持用他的姓,阐明了一种不愿友好并维护的鸿沟。所以使用形式包括“玛丽小姐”或“先生。史密斯,“可能是一种汉语形式的妥协。
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