he tells me you are a doctor这里为什么用tells而不是told呢?

如题

在含有名词性从句的主从复合句中,主从句时态必须一致(客观真理除外),如果这里用told,那后面的are相应地要改成过去时were。这种语法现象叫做间接引语。
直接引语与间接引语都是宾语。一字不改地引述别人的话,叫做直接引语(direct speech);用说话人自己的话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语(indirect speech)。两种引语皆须由动词引述,这种动词叫做引述动词(reporting verb),如say,tell,ask,declare,remark,reply,think,write等。直接引语一般皆置于引号之内,第一个词的首字母须大写;间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。如:
(1)He said, “I am learning English.” 他说,“我正在学英语。”(直接引语)
(2)He said that he was learning English. 他说他正在学英语。(间接引语)
引述动词及其主语可置于直接引语之前、之后或之中。如:
(3)He says, “She will come in the evening.” 他说,“她晚上来。”(之前)
(4)“I am very grateful,” said Fisher gravely. “我非常感谢,”费希尔严肃地说。(之后)
(5)“Henceforth,” he explained, “I shall call on Tuesdays.” “今后,”他解释说,“我将每星期二来访。”(之中)
引述动词如是现在一般时或过去一般时,而主语为名词时,则常可以倒装。如:
(6)“My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast,” said John. “我妻子早餐时经常喝咖啡,”约翰说。
直接引语可以变为间接引语。不同种类的句子应用不同的变化方法。
1)直接引语为陈述句,变为间接引语时常由从属连词that引导(口语中可省略),引述动词常用say,tell等。同时,根据主句的要求,间接引语须在人称、时态及其它方面作相应的变化。
a)人称的变化。如:
(7)The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.” 教师说,“约翰,你必须把你的书带到班上来。”(直接引语)
(8)The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class. 教师告诉约翰他必须把他的书带到班上来。”(间接引语)
(9)The teacher said that you must bring your book to the class. 教师说你必须把你的书带到班上来。”(间接引语,别人对约翰说)
(10)The teacher said that I must bring my book to the class. 教师说我必须把我的书带到班上来。”(间接引语,约翰自己说)
b)指示代词的变化。如:
(11)He said, “I like this book.” 他说,“我喜欢这本书。”(直接引语)
(12)He said that he liked this book. 他说他喜欢这本书。(间接引语,书在眼前)
(13)He said that he liked that book. 他说他喜欢那本书。(间接引语,书不在眼前)
)时间状语的变化。如:
(14)He said, “I saw her yesterday.” 他说,“我昨天见过她。”(直接引语)
(15)He said that he saw her yesterday. 他说他昨天见过她。(间接引语的主句与直接引语的主句的动作在同一天发生,仍用yesterday)
(16)He said that he had seen her the day before. 他说他前一天曾见过她。(间接引语的主句的动作发生在直接引语的主句的动作之后,yesterday改为the day before,同时改用完成时态)
经常改动的时间状语有:
now—then
ago—before
today—that day
tomorrow—the next day,the following day
yesterday—the day before,the previous day
the day before yesterday—two days before
the day after tomorrow—two days later
d)地点状语的变化。如:
(17)He said, “I will do it here.” 他说,“我就在这儿干。”
(18)He said he would do it there. 他说他就在那儿干。
e)时态的变化。主句为现在或将来时态时,间接引语的时态不变。如:
(19)He says, “I’m tired.” 他说,“我累了。”(主句为现在时,直接引语亦为现在时)
(20)He says he is tired. 他说他累了。(间接引语时态不变)
(21)He has said to me, “I’m tired.” 他跟我说,“我累了。”(主句为现在完成时,直接引语为现在一般时)
(22)He has said to me he is tired. 他跟我说他累了。(间接引语的时态不变)
(23)He will say, “The boy was lazy.” 他将会说,“那男孩过去懒惰。”(主句为将来一般时,直接引语为过去时)
(24)He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 他将会告诉你那男孩过去懒惰。(间接引语仍为过去一般时)
但主句为过去时态时,间接引语则一般应作相应的变化,这就是所谓的“时态呼应”(sequence of tenses)。如:
(25)He said, “I’m sorry.” 他说,“对不起。”(直接引语为现在一般时)
(26)He said he was sorry. 他说对不起。(间接引语变为过去一般时)
(27)He said, “You haven’t changed much.” 他说,“你可变化不大呀。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
(28)He said that I hadn’t changed much. 他说我变化不大。(间接引语变为过去完成时)
(29)She said, “He’s waiting.” 她说,“他正在等着呢。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
(30)She said he was waiting. 她说他正在等着呢。(间接引语变为过去进行时)
(31)She said, “He has been waiting.” 她说,“他一直在等着呢。”(直接引语为现在完成进行时)
(32)She said he had been waiting. 她说他一直在等着。(间接引语变为过去完成进行时)
[注]在有些句子中,现在时态保持不变。如:
①“The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us. “地球绕太阳旋转,”老师告诉我们说。(直接引语为现在一般时)
②The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉我们说地球绕太阳旋转。(间接引语仍用现在一般时)
(33)He said, “The man came at six.” 他说,“那人是六点来的。”(直接引语为过去一般时)
(34)He said that the man had come at six. 他说那人是六点来的。(间接引语变为过去完成时)
(35)He said, “The rain was falling yesterday.” 他说,“昨天在下雨。”(直接引语为过去进行时)
(36)He said that the rain had been falling the day before. 他说前一天一直在下雨。(间接引语变为过去完成进行时)
[注]如是不会引起误会,直接引语中的过去一般时和过去进行时,在间接引语中亦可不变。直接引语中的过去完成时或过去完成进行时自然亦不变。
(37)She said, “He will come late.” 她说,“他要迟到了。”(直接引语为将来一般时)
(38)She said he would come late. 她说他要迟到了。(间接引语变为过去将来时)
(39)He said, “I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.” 他说,“我将于这个周末前读完这本书。”(直接引语为将来完成时)
(40)He said that he would have finished reading the book by the end of that week.” 他说他将在那个周末前读完这本书。(间接引语变为过去将来完成时)
(41)He said, “I’ll be seeing you off on the 10 o’clock train.” 他说,“我将送你乘十点钟的火车。”(直接引语为将来进行时)
(42)He said that he would be seeing me off on the 10 o’clock train.” 他说他将送我乘十点钟的火车。(间接引语变为过去将来完成时)
(43)She said, “He can swim very well.” 她说,“他游泳游得很好。”(直接引语为含情态动词的现在一般时)
(44)She said that he could swim very well. 她说他游泳游得很好。(间接引语中情态动词为过去一般时)
[注]如直接引语为过去一般时,间接引语仍用过去一般时。有些情态动词如must,ought to,need,had better等只有一种形式,故在间接引语中其形式不变。如:
(45)“If he were here, he would vote for the motion,” she said. “假如他在这里,他是会投票赞成这项动议的,”她说。(直接引语为虚拟语气过去一般时和过去将来时)
(46)She said that if he had been there, he would have voted for the motion. 她说假如他在那里,他是会投票赞成这项动议的。(间接引语变为虚拟语气过去完成时和过去将来完成时)
2)直接引语为疑问句,变为间接引语时关联词用whether,if或其它疑问词;词序与一般从句相同,be,have等助动词皆置于主语之后;引述动词常用say,ask,wonder,inquire等。直接引语为陈述句时变为间接引语应作各种变化的要求亦同样适用。
a)直接引语为一般疑问句,变为间接引语时应由whether或if引导。如:
(47)He said to us, “Are you away today?” 他对我们说,“你们今天走吗?”(直接引语为一般疑问句)
(48)He asked us whether we were going away that day. 他问我们是否那一天走。(间接引语用whether引导)
(49)“Is he your brother?” She said. “他是你的兄弟吗?”她问。(直接引语为一般疑问句)
(50)She asked me if he was my brother. 她问我他是不是我的兄弟。(间接引语用if引导)
b)直接引语为特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,其关联词应用疑问代词或疑问副词。如:
(51)“Who will help me finish the job?” She asked. “谁愿帮我完成这项工作?”她问道。(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
(52)She asked who would help her finish the job. 她问谁愿帮她完成这项工作?(间接引语用疑问代词who引导)
(53)“What have you done?” He asked. “你干什么了?”他问道。(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
(54)He asked what I’d done. 他问我干什么了?(间接引语用疑问代词what引导)
(55)“Where is it?” He asked. “它在哪儿?”他问道。(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
(56)He asked where it was. 他问它在哪儿。(间接引语用疑问副词where引导)
(57)“When will he come?” She asked. “他什么时候来?”她问道。(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
(58)She asked when he would come. 她问他什么时候来。(间接引语用疑问副词when引导)
[注]下面两句中宾语从句的词序都是对的:
①Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。(who是从句中的表语)
②Tell me who is he. 告诉我他是谁。(who是从句中的主语)
c)直接引语为选择疑问句,变为间接引语时应用whether…or…。如:
(59)“Do you like tea or coffee?” She asked me. “你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?”她问我
(60)She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee. 她问我喜欢喝茶还是喝咖啡。
3)直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时多用“名词(代词)+不定式”结构,引述动词常用ask,tell,say,order等。如:
(61)I said to her, “Please give me a glass of water.” 我对她说,“请给我一杯水。”(直接引语为祈使句)
(62)I asked her to give me a glass of water. 我请她给我一杯水。(间接引语中ask表请求)
(63)She said to him, “Come at five o’clock.” 她对他说,“五点钟来吧。”(直接引语为祈使句)
(64)She told him to come at five o’clock. 她要他五点钟来。(间接引语中tell表命令)
4)直接引语为感叹句,变为间接引语时,引述动词有tell,exclaim,等。如:
(65)“What a brave boy you are!” She told him. “你是一个多么勇敢和男孩子啊!”她对他说。(直接引语为感叹句)
(66)She told him what a brave boy he was. 她对他说他是一个多么勇敢和男孩子啊!
(间接引语中引述动词用tell)
有时间接引语可用that引导,如:
(67)He said, “Alas! How foolish I have been!” 他说,“哎,我多傻啊!”(直接引语为感叹句)
(68)He confessed with regret that he had been very foolish. 他悔恨地承认他太傻了。(间接引语中引述动词用confess)
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。
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第1个回答  2019-01-22
前面告诉发生在过去,所以用told,而且一般现在时表示反复经常发生, 后面你是医生是客观事实,所以用一般现在时。
第2个回答  2019-01-22
本句主句的谓语属于用一般现在时代替现在完成时。再如 i hear。。。,ithink。。。,i believe,he says。。。等。如果主句用一般过去时 则宾语从句也须用过去时。本句中的宾语从句是一般现在时,所以主句的谓语不能用told。
另外,本句中的宾语从句与客观真理客观事实无关。
第3个回答  2019-01-22
主从句时态必须一致,宾语从句是一般现在时,主句谓语自然要相一致,除了宾语从句是真理,eg.
he told me the earth is a planet.
这是可以的。
第4个回答  2019-01-22
看前后语态吧,这句话是说他告诉我你是一个医生,是一般现在时,现在也发生的,你现在也仍然是个医生,而用told,就是他告诉过我你是个医生