第1个回答 2019-05-11
动词分为行为动词、系动词,情态动词、助动词。
1、行为动词也叫实义动词,在句子中作谓语。在不同的时态中有不同的形式:第三人称单数形式、现在分词,过去式和现在分词。行为动词又分为及物动词(后直接跟宾语)和不及物动词(不能直接接宾语。要接宾语时要加上相应的介词)。
如:
1).
He
likes
swimming
.
(like
是及物动词)
他喜欢游泳。
2).
He
is
looking
for
his
pen.
(现在进行时,look
是不及物动词)
他在寻找他的钢笔。
3).
Jim
is
reading
a
book
.(
read
是及物动词)
吉姆在读书。
2、系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,要与后面的表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后跟形容词/名词等作表语。常见的系动词有:be
,
look,
sound,
taste,
smell,
feel,
seem,
become,
get,
turn,
keep
,
stay
等。
如:
1).
The
dish
smells
/
tastes
delicious.
2).
You
look
very
happy
.
3).
The
trees
turn
green
in
spring
.
3、情态动词没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,后跟动词原形一起作谓语。常见的情态动词有:can
(could),
may
(might),
must,
shall
(should,
will
(would),
dare
(dared),
need
(needed),
ought
to等。
如:
1).
He/
She
/
We
/
They
can
swim
.
2).
You
must
go
to
school
on
time
.
4、助动词没有意义,与句子动词一起构成不同的时态、语态、疑问句和否定句等。常见的助动词有:be
,
do
,does
,
did
,
have/
has
(完成时态中)
如:
1)
.
He
is
doing
his
homework.
(
现在进行时态,is
是助动词)
2).
Do
you
often
go
to
school
by
bus
?
(
do
是助动词,构成一般疑问句)
3).
She
didn't
go
to
school
yesterday
.
(
didn't
是助动词,构成否定句)
4).
He
has
finished
his
homework.
(
现在完成时态,has
是助动词)