第1个回答 2011-04-20
虚拟语气
一. 概念:用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
二.真实条件句用陈述语气
1.真实条件句表示的假想是真实的或有可能性
2.句型:条件从句(一般现在时)+主句(shall/will+动词原形)
3.注意:当表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall/will+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时
三.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
1.表示同现在事实相反的假想,可以表示现在,过去或将来的情况
2.表示同过去事实相反的假想
句型:条件从句(过去完成时had done)+主句(should/would have+过去分词)
3.表示对将来的假想
句型:①条件从句为一般过去式;主句为should+动词原形
②条件从句为were+动词原形;主句为would
③条件从句为should+动词原形; 主句为would
4.表示错综复杂的条件
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,一个发生在过去,一个发生在现在。
5.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。
6.特殊的虚拟语气词should
1)在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that (should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
wish的用法
1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were) 现在时 过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词) 过去时 过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
8. 比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
9.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
10.need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
相关练习题
1.(B)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
考点:真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
1.(C)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
考点:在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
2.(D)There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
考点:needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
虚拟语气经典习题
1. If I had had enough time, I my work.
A. would finish
B. must have finished
C. would have finished
D. had finished
2. Ten minutes earlier, they the plane.
A. will catch
B. would catch
C. would have caught
D. will have caught
3. Mr. Green requires that the students a composition every other week.
A. write
B. written
C. would write
D. will write
4. Had he studied hard, he the exam.
A. would pass
B. could pass
C. had passed
D. would have passed
5. I wish I what is happening there in his room.
A. know
B. known
C. knew
D. should know
6. It is important that you sports every day.
A. have
B. would have
C. must have
D. will have
7. If there were no water in the world, everything .
A. will die
B. would die
C. would have died
D. would have been dead
8. What was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known
B. If I know
C. If I knew
D. If had I known
9. He ordered that the work
A. should finish
B. finished
C. would be finished
D. be finished .
10. — Shall we go to the movie tonight?
— No, I’d rather at home with our baby. You’d better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
A. you stayed
B. you stay
C. stayed
D. stay
11 . in your position, I would help him.
A. Was I
B. Were I
C. If I am
D. If I had been
12. I , but I was stopped by the heavy rain.
A. mean to come
B. meant to come
C. had meant to come
D. meant coming
13. Mrs. Black insists in that old hotel.
A. not to stay
B. not staying
C. staying not
D. that he not stay
14. If you had spoken clearly, you would .
A. understand it
B. have understood
C. be understood
D. have been understood
15. If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched
B. hadn’t watched
C. didn’t watch
D. wouldn’t have watched
16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese. A. is
B. be
C. should be
D. were
17. — If he , he that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. would be warned; had not take
C. had been warned; would not have taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
18. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology achieved.
A. will not be
B. would not be
C. would not have been
D. cannot have been
19.There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn’t have hurried
B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn’t have hurried
答案D。needn’t have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn’t have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’t have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
20. We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A. stays
B. have stayed
C.stayed
D. would stay
解析:该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望",同样用法的动词还有think, expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气
21."Mary wants to see you today".
"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
A.comes
B.came
C.should come
D.will come
解析:该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表示。
22.Had she been older, she ____ it better.
A.had done
B.might have done
C.might do
D.would do
解析:Had she been older = If she had been old.故该题正确答案为B。
A.should finish
B.finished
C.would be finished
D.be finished
第2个回答 2011-04-21
一。用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
二.真实条件句用陈述语气
1.真实条件句表示的假想是真实的或有可能性
2.句型:条件从句(一般现在时)+主句(shall/will+动词原形)
3.注意:当表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall/will+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时
三.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
1.表示同现在事实相反的假想,可以表示现在,过去或将来的情况
2.表示同过去事实相反的假想
句型:条件从句(过去完成时had done)+主句(should/would have+过去分词)
3.表示对将来的假想
句型:①条件从句为一般过去式;主句为should+动词原形
②条件从句为were+动词原形;主句为would
③条件从句为should+动词原形; 主句为would
4.表示错综复杂的条件
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,一个发生在过去,一个发生在现在。
5.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。
6.特殊的虚拟语气词should
1)在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that (should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
wish的用法
1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were) 现在时 过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词) 过去时 过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
8. 比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
9.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
10.need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
相关练习题
1.(B)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
考点:真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
1.(C)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
考点:在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
2.(D)There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
考点:needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
虚拟语气经典习题
1. If I had had enough time, I my work.
A. would finish
B. must have finished
C. would have finished
D. had finished
2. Ten minutes earlier, they the plane.
A. will catch
B. would catch
C. would have caught
D. will have caught
3. Mr. Green requires that the students a composition every other week.
A. write
B. written
C. would write
D. will write
4. Had he studied hard, he the exam.
A. would pass
B. could pass
C. had passed
D. would have passed
5. I wish I what is happening there in his room.
A. know
B. known
C. knew
D. should know
6. It is important that you sports every day.
A. have
B. would have
C. must have
D. will have
7. If there were no water in the world, everything .
A. will die
B. would die
C. would have died
D. would have been dead
8. What was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known
B. If I know
C. If I knew
D. If had I known
9. He ordered that the work
A. should finish
B. finished
C. would be finished
D. be finished .
10. — Shall we go to the movie tonight?
— No, I’d rather at home with our baby. You’d better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
A. you stayed
B. you stay
C. stayed
D. stay
11 . in your position, I would help him.
A. Was I
B. Were I
C. If I am
D. If I had been
12. I , but I was stopped by the heavy rain.
A. mean to come
B. meant to come
C. had meant to come
D. meant coming
13. Mrs. Black insists in that old hotel.
A. not to stay
B. not staying
C. staying not
D. that he not stay
14. If you had spoken clearly, you would .
A. understand it
B. have understood
C. be understood
D. have been understood
15. If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched
B. hadn’t watched
C. didn’t watch
D. wouldn’t have watched
16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese. A. is
B. be
C. should be
D. were
17. — If he , he that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. would be warned; had not take
C. had been warned; would not have taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
18. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology achieved.
A. will not be
B. would not be
C. would not have been
D. cannot have been
19.There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn’t have hurried
B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn’t have hurried
答案D。needn’t have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn’t have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’t have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
20. We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A. stays
B. have stayed
C.stayed
D. would stay
解析:该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望",同样用法的动词还有think, expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气