å¨there beå¥åä¸ï¼ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æç¨å¨åé¢ï¼å 为beå·²ç»æ¯å¥åçè°è¯äºï¼æ以ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æå å¨åé¢ï¼æ¯å¯¹there beå¥åçè¡¥å å修饰ãä¾å¦ï¼There were lots of people in the reading room, most of them with their heads bent over their books. most of themå°±æ¯ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æã
ä¸ã ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æçå«ä¹åå®è´¨
âç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æâ(absolute construction)åå«âç¬ç«ç»æâï¼æ¯å¸¦æèªå·±ä¸»è¯çéè°è¯å¨è¯åå¥åæ å¨è¯åå¥ãç±äºå¨è¯æ³ä¸æèªå·±çé»è¾ä¸»è¯ï¼ç»æä¸ä¸ä¸»å¥ä¸åçå ³ç³»ï¼å æ¤ä¼ ç»è¯æ³å«åâç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æâãå ¶å®ï¼æè°âç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æâ并éçæ£ç¬ç«ï¼å®è¿æ¯ä¸ç§ä»å±åå¥ï¼ä¸ä¸»å¥ç´§å¯èç³»å¨ä¸èµ·ï¼å ±å表达ä¸ä¸ªå®æ´çææï¼é常å¨å¥ä¸èµ·ç¶è¯åå¥çä½ç¨ãç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æå¯æ¾äºå¥é¦ãå¥å°¾ï¼ç¨éå·å主å¥éå¼ã
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1. åè¯/代è¯+ ç°å¨åè¯
ç°å¨åè¯è¡¨ç¤ºåé¢çåè¯æ代è¯ä¸»å¨è¿è¡çå¨ä½æç¶æçã
ä¾
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
The man lay there, his hands trembling.
注ï¼âç¬ç«ç»æâä¸çbeingæ having been ææ¶å¯ä»¥çå»ï¼è¿æ ·å°±æäºæ å¨è¯åå¥æè¿å»åè¯åå¥ã
2. åè¯/代è¯+è¿å»åè¯
è¿å»åè¯è¡¨ç¤ºåé¢çåè¯æ代è¯è¢«å¨å®æçå¨ä½ææå¤çä¸ç§ç¶æã
ä¾ The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
The job not finished, we couldnât see the film.
åé¢ä¸¤ä¸ªå¥åä¹å¯ä»¥çæçç¥æäºhaving beenï¼beingãå¦æå ä¸ï¼è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªå¥åå°±ååæäºç°å¨åè¯åå¥ã
3. åè¯/代è¯+ä¸å®å¼
ä¸å®å¼è¡¨ç¤ºçæ¯å°æ¥çå¨ä½ã
ä¾He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
These are the first two booksï¼ the third one to come out next month.
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游è¡) to start moving at 8 sharp.
4. åè¯/代è¯+åè¯
åè¯ä¸è¬ååé¢åè¯æ代è¯çåä½è¯ã
ä¾ Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
He fought the tigerï¼a stick his only weapon.
5. åè¯/代è¯+形容è¯çè¯
形容è¯(çè¯)说æåé¢åè¯æ代è¯çæ§è´¨ï¼ç¶æï¼åå çã
ä¾The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.
I heard that she got injured in the accidentï¼ my heart full of sorry.
è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªå¥åä¹å¯ä»¥çææ¯çç¥äºbeing,å¦æå ä¸ï¼å°±åæäºç°å¨åè¯åå¥ã
6. åè¯/代è¯+å¯è¯
å¯è¯è¯´æåé¢åè¯æ代è¯çç¶æã
ä¾ The meeting over, we all went home.
He sat at the table, head down.
Nobody in, he left a message on the board.
7. åè¯/代è¯+ä»è¯çè¯
ä»è¯çè¯è¯´æä¼´éåé¢åè¯æ代è¯çæ¹å¼æè ç¶æã
ä¾ The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
The hunter entered the forestï¼ gun in hand.
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
8. withå¼å¯¼çå¤åç»æ, ä¹å¯ä»¥è®¤ä¸ºæ¯ä¸ç§ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æ
ä¾ A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.
The teacher came in with several students following behind.
With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.
Mary rushed out of the house with the door open.
With the work done, he went out to eat.
He left the office with the lights on.
ä¸ã å¦ä¹ ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æåºæ³¨æçä¸äºé®é¢
1. ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æä¸åå¥å主å¥ç主è¯ä¸ä¸è´
ä»ä»¥ä¸ä¾åå¯ä»¥çåºï¼å«æç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æçå¥åï¼åå主è¯æ¯ä¸ä¸è´çï¼è¿ä¹æ¯ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æåéè°è¯åå¥ä½ç¶è¯çæéè¦åºå«ã
ä¾ (1) Hearing the news, he was very excited.
(2) Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
å¨è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªå¥åéï¼ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªå¥åï¼ååç主è¯æ¯ä¸è´çï¼é½æ¯he, ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´å¨è¯hearçå¨ä½ååºè æ¯ä¸»è¯he , å æ¤å®æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç°å¨åè¯çè¯ä½ç¶è¯è¡¨ç¤ºåå çå¥å;è第äºä¸ªå¥åï¼æ们å¯ä»¥åç°ï¼æ两个主è¯ï¼ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªæ¯å¨è¯come çé»è¾ä¸»è¯winter, è第äºä¸ªä¸»è¯æ¯å¥åçæ£ç主è¯itï¼éè°è¯å¨è¯coming åit ä¹é´æ²¡æä»»ä½å ³ç³»ï¼å æ¤å®æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æã
2. å¨ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æä¸ï¼å¨è¯æ¯ç¨ç°å¨åè¯è¿æ¯è¿å»åè¯
ä¸è¬æ¥è¯´å¦æé»è¾ä¸»è¯åå¨è¯ä¹é´æ¯ä¸»è°å ³ç³»ï¼ç¨ç°å¨åè¯ãå¦ï¼Time permitting, we will go out to play.ä¸å¥ä¸ï¼time å permit ä¹é´æ¯é»è¾ä¸ç主è°å ³ç³»--- âæ¶é´å 许âï¼å æ¤ç¨ç°å¨åè¯ã å¦æé»è¾ä¸»è¯åå¨è¯ä¹é´æ¯å¨å®¾å ³ç³»ï¼å¹¶ä¸æ被å¨çææï¼ç¨è¿å»åè¯ãå¦ï¼âMore time given,we should have done it better. âä¸å¥ä¸ï¼time ågive ä¹é´çå ³ç³»æ¯å¨å®¾å ³ç³»ï¼æ被å¨çææ---âå¦æ被ç»æ´å¤æ¶é´âï¼å æ¤ç¨è¿å»åè¯ã
3. ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æç¸å½äºä¸ä¸ªç¶è¯ä»å¥
ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æä¸æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¥åï¼èæ¯ç¸å½äºä¸ä¸ªç¶è¯ä»å¥,å¯ä»¥è¡¨ç¤ºæ¶é´ãåå ãæ¡ä»¶ãæ¹å¼åä¼´éæ åµçã
ä¾ Work done, John went home.ç¸å½äºä¸ä¸ªè¡¨ç¤ºæ¶é´çç¶è¯ä»å¥ï¼When the work has been done, John went home.
ä¾There being no buses, we had to walk home.ç¸å½äºä¸ä¸ªè¡¨ç¤ºåå çç¶è¯ä»å¥ï¼Because there are no buses, we had to walk home.
4. å®ææ¶æçè¿ç¨
å¨ç¬ç«ä¸»æ ¼ç»æä¸å¦æ强è°åè¯çæ¶é´åçå¨ä¸»å¥å¨ä½æ¶é´ä¹åï¼å¸¸ç¨ç°å¨åè¯çå®ææ¶æhaving doneï¼ æ ¹æ®æ åµç¡®å®æ¯ç¨ä¸»å¨è¿æ¯è¢«å¨ã
ä¾
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
His wallet having been stolen, he didnât know what to do next.