亚伯拉罕·林肯传
【内容提示】
请根据下列要点写一篇有关亚伯拉罕·林肯的传记文章：
①亚伯拉罕·林肯于1809年出生在肯塔基州的一间小木屋里。他还很小的时候，全家搬迁到印第安纳州的边远地带。母亲教他学文化。他受过很少一点正规教育，但他却成了大西部受过最好的教育者之一。
②青年时期，他家搬到新建的伊利诺斯州。他很小就得自谋生计，但他在业余时间学习法律，很快就成了最有名的律师。
③1860年，林肯被选举为总统。他是新共和党的候选人。该党反对产生新的奴隶州。这种主张遭到南方各州的反对，于是引起了内战。
④ 1863年1月1日，就在内战期间，林肯发布了著名的《奴隶解放宣言》。他宣布所有脱离联邦各州的奴隶从即日起予以解放，结束了奴隶制。
⑤1865年初内战结束。几天后，林肯被一个叫做John Wilkes Booth的演员枪击身亡。他遇刺的时间是1865年4月14日。
下列词语供参考：
①Emancipation Proclamation《奴隶解放宣言》
②the Thirteenth Amendment 第十三条修正案
③seceding[si'si:diR] states 脱离联邦的各州
④constitution[k&nsti'tju:M+n]n．宪法
【作文示范】
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. When he was a small boy, his family moved to the frontier of Indiana. Here, his mother tanght him to read and write. Lincoln had very little formal education, but he became one of the best-educated men of the Great West.
When Lincoln was a young man his family moved to the new state of Illinois. Lincohn had to earn a living at an early age, but in his leisure time he studied law. He soon became one of the best-known lawyers in the state capital at Springfield, Illinois. It was here that Lincoln became famous for his debates① with Stephen A. Douglas on the subject of slavery.
In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States. He was the candidate of the new Republican Party. This party opposed②the creation③ of new slave states. Soon after his election, some of the Southern states withdrew④ from the Union and set up the Confederate States of America. This action brought on the terrible Civil War which lasted from 1861 to 1865.
On January 1, 1863, during the war, Lincoln issued his famous Emancipation Proclamnation. In this document, Lincoln proclaimed⑤ that all the slaves in the seceding states were to be free from that date. In 1865, after the war ended, the Thirteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution of the United States. This amendment put an end to slavery everywhere in the United States.
Early in 1865, the Civil War came to an end with the defeat of the South by the North. Only a few days after the end of the War, Lincoln was shot by an actor named John Wilkes Booth. The President died on April 14,1865. In his death, the world lost one of the greatest men of all time.
【词语解释】
①debate [di'beit] n．争论；辩论
②oppose[+'p+uz]v．反对；反抗
③creation[kri:'eiM+n]n．创造；产生
④withdraw[wiJ'dr&:]v．退出；离开
⑤proclaim[pr+'kleim]v．宣布；公布；宣告
【写法指要】
1）这是一篇记述他人的传记（biography）。传记指的是全面而真实地记载个人生平事迹的文章。传记的写作特征有三：一是事实务求真实，表述可带主观性；二是按照历史年代顺序纪事；三是具有一定的格局，一般包括四部分：籍贯与家世、事迹与功业、逝世与后嗣、作者评论。本文对林肯的记述除缺少后嗣外，基本上是按上述三种特征及四个部分写的，只是作者评论少些。
2）名人的传记少不了对历史事件、地理名称、文件文书、历史人物等的描述，这些都要用大写形式来书写，对此我们从文中看得十分清楚。
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