既然有非限制性后置定语从句，那有非限制性后置定语吗？为什么后者很少被提到？

Question

如下面这句话中的“standing...”不就相当于非限制性后置定语吗？不然还能叫什么成分？

The first time they met, she had no difficulty in identifying him, standing there with the book gripped firmly in one hand.

还有，非限制性后置定语是否也像非限制性定语从句一样，同样要在前面加个逗号呢？

Answer 1

回答如下：
众所周知，英语定语从句有限制性与非限制性之分。其实非定语从句的后置定语也有限制性和非限制性之分，这种非限制性定语在现代语法上被称作非限定分句。这种作非限制性后置定语的非限定分句往往是分词短语或形容词短语，它们可以与所修饰词之间以逗号分隔, 它们在句意上相当于非限制性定语从句。例如：
In the street, the people, (who were )both old and young, were welcoming the PLA men.
He bought a set of furniture，(which were ) cheap, simple and beautiful.
There is a hole in the wall, (which is )large enough for a dog to pass through.
Tom went swimming alone stealingly, causing(= which caused ) his death.
I know the man, living (= who lived )in the same ward with my father last year.
The company, (which had been ) founded by John Smith, suffered financial setbacks.
In the cave there was a man lying on the ground, (who was )badly injured in the leg.追问

您好，但是您例句中的Tom went swimming alone stealingly, causing(= which caused ) his death. 理解为现在分词引导的结果状语好像也说的过去啊？为什么一定算定语而不是状语？

追答

你理解错了，这里说的是前面这件事情（他一个人去游泳）造成了他的死亡，不是Tom造成的死亡。

Answer 2

非限制性定语从句一定后置，所以在谈到定语从句时无须再加＂后置＂两字。英语的定语可以前置也可后置，基数词用作定语可后置，如：page 24; Room 201。不定式作定语也后置。后置定语有限制性和非限制性之分。非限制性是对所修饰的名词只是一种补充说明，并非必不可少，二者之间一般皆有逗号。追问

您好，
那为什么非限制性定语很少被提到？您方便举例吗？

追答

由于非限制性定语很少，所以不被人们提到。现举一例如下：
It was April, balmy and warm. 那是四月，气候和煦。

刚才又找到一句：
You see the old Rolls-Royce, over there on the right? 你看见那辆罗尔思－罗伊斯牌汽车吗？就在那里，靠右边。

Answer 3

没有，英语定语分为前置定语和后置定语，只有定语从句才有限定和非限定之分，因为形容词作定语是按照性质状况来修饰名词的。eg.
living people. the same girls.前置
people alive. the girls alike. 后置追问

您好，
如下面这句话中的“standing...”不就相当于非限制性后置定语吗？不然还能叫什么成分？

The first time they met, she had no difficulty in identifying him, standing there with the book gripped firmly in one hand.

Answer 4

如果作定语的部分不是句子，前面用一个逗号把它隔开，这都是非限制性定语。非限制性定语可以是现在分词短语、过去分词短语，不定式短语来担任。
非限制性定语，对所修饰的名词有一种松散的修饰关系，如果去掉，句子的意义仍然是完整的，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略，也不能用that来表示。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。追问

您好，
那为什么非限制性定语很少被提到？您方便举例吗？

追答

例如：I met a friend, fishing. 我遇到了一个朋友，他在钓鱼。这里的fishing是现在分词短语，修饰a friend，但和a friend之间有逗号隔开，所以它是非限制性定语。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

Answer 5

你所给的例子不是非限制性定语，而是伴随状语，修饰逻辑主语she,standing there with the book gripped in one hand.相当于and she was standing there with book gripped in one hand.