求有关动词+Wh-从句的资料

求有关 动词+Wh-从句 的用法资料
例如
That might explain why he's looking unhappy.
I dont understand what to do.

急需...谢谢...

所指的是宾语从句呀,
宾 语 从 句 的 理 解

要学好宾语从句首先要了解什么叫宾语从句。宾语从句是指在复合句中作主句谓语(及物动词)的宾语的句子。宾语从句的结构通常是由引导词+主语+谓语。在宾语从句中,我认为最关键的是:引导词,时态和语序。只要理解这三方面的内容,宾语从句就好学了。
一. 引导词。引导词在不同的语言环境中的意义和作用都有不同的表述。英语基础比较薄弱的学生对一些比较重要的语言现象很难理解,对宾语从句这种比较突出的现象就存在很多困难。下面举一些比较突出常见的引导词作说明。
1. 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句如:
She said that she knew you. I think(that)he can do this job well.谓语动词said, think,后面的句子就是由that 引导的宾语从句。That 只起引导做用没什么词义。因此在非正式文体和口语的句子中常省略。在教学过程中,我们有必要提示给学生,使学生对这种情况有所了解,便于学生比较完整准确地了解一个句子。
2. 由whether / if 引导的宾语从句。
当whether / if 表示“是否”的意思时,它所引导的是宾语从句。例如:
I want to know if/whether your mother is a teacher.
Whether和if均可以用来引导宾语从句,意思也相同,一般情况下可以互换。例如:
I wonder whether/if you’ve got any letters from me.我想知道你是否已经收到我的信。
I am not sure whether/if I’ll have time.我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。
但在下列情况下必须用whether,不用if。
a) 动词discuss 后面只能跟whether,不能跟if。例如:
We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。
b) 当介词后面接宾语从句或不定式时。例如:
She doesn’t know whether to go or wait.她不知道是去还是等。
We are talking about whether we’ll go back to our hometown.
3. 由when/where/who/whose/what等引导的宾语从句如:
Do you know where he works ? Do you know when he will go to shanghai?
Can you tell me how old she is?
二. 语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句的语序,即不论是陈述句还是疑问句它的语序都是主语+谓语动词+其他成分。如:
Do you know when he will go to Hainan?
(你知道他什么时候去海南吗?)此句从汉语上看,后部分是问句,学生很容易写成Do you know when will he go to Hainan?这是错误的,应向学生讲清楚,该句的一般问句.主句已有Do提前了,宾语从句就得写成陈述句的语序。
又如:Do you know_________?
A.what it means B.what does it mean
C.it means what D.does it mean what
这道题只要我们了解宾语从句的语序,答案为A就一目了然了。
但写面的句子要注意:What’s the matter?这是特殊问句,
I don’t know what ‘s the matter.这是宾语从句。
此句中的What在句子中是当主语的,因此,不论是特殊问句还是宾语从句,都用陈述句的语序。
三. 时态
宾语从句时态主要问为两点:
1. 当主句是一般现在时时,从句可以根据所需要的任何时态。如:
I know she came yesterday(从句用一般过去时)
I know she is listening to the teacher.(从句用正在进行时)
I am sure that Ling Ming will pass the exam.(从句为一般将来时)
2. 当主句是一般过去时时,从句则用过去时的某一时态如:
He said he was going to leave here next week.(过去进行时)
He told us they were playing basketball then.(过去进行时)
但如果从句表示客观事实或普遍的真理时,即使主句的谓语动词是过去时也必须用一般现在时。
The boy didn’t know that the earth goes around the sun .
The teacher told us that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
四. 宾语从句否定意义的转移。
在think, believe, suppose, guess, hope等动词下的宾语从句中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般将否定词net转移到主句的谓语动词上,而从句的谓语动词改为肯定形式如:
I think you are right.(改为否定句)
I don’t think you are right(我认为你是不对的)
I believe they can finish the work on time (改为否定句)
I don’t belicve they can finish the work on time(我相信他们不能按时完成工作)

宾语从句
一) 宾语从句可分为三类:
1. 由that 引导,常跟在 say, see, hear, doubt, think, know, believe, suggest等动词后
2. 由if 或 whether引导,常跟在wonder 和say等动词后
3. 由等连接代词或连接副词引导。近年来高考主要侧重对连接词的正确选择和从句中应使用陈述语序以及从句中时态呼应的考查。
(1) 连接代词均在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、或定语;连接副词均充当状语。因此应正确分析题意,断定宾语从句中缺少何种成分,然后再做出选择。
1.A computer can only do __you have instructed it to do
A. how B. after C. what D. when
答案:C 连接代词,在宾语从句中充当宾语。
(2) 宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时,宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态;主句谓语是过去时,宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态,(宾语是客观真理时则无此限制)如:
The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was travelling B.travelled C.had been traveling D.was to travel
答案:A 从题意可知宾语从句的动作应是当时正在发生。
(3) 有时为使句子简洁明快还可以借助动词不定式来简化宾语从句,使用连接代(副)词+to do结构, 如:
I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____in my new job.
A. expected B. to expected C. to be expecting D. expects (B)
(4)宾语从句应使用陈述语序,尤其要注意由who, which, what, when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。如:
No one can be sure ___in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like it
D. what look will man like (A)
(5)用it 指代宾语从句
有时根据结构的需要,常用it 做形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
I hate ____when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. then (A)
(6)连接词的选择
1. whether 与if 的选择
二者在引导宾语从句时常可互换。但下列情况下只用whether ,不用if 。
1) 宾语从句置于句首时。如:
whether he will succeed, I can’t say. 他是否会成功,我说不准。
2) 宾语从句在介词后时 。 如:
It depends on whether we have enough money. 这取决于我们是否有足够的钱
3) 后面紧跟or not 时。如:
I don’t know whether or not she can arrive on time. 我不知道他是否能按时到。
2.that与 what 的选择
That只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,也无任何词义;what 引导宾语从句时,除起连接作用外,还可在从句中作 主语、宾语、表语等成分。
People have heard what the president has said, they are waiting to see ____he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that
分析: do 为及物动词,所选词要做其宾语,故选B。
3.连接代词 who ,whom, whose, what ,which , 和连接副词 how, when, where ,why 的选择。
连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握两点:
1)成分:连接代词在从句中作主语,宾语、表语、定语;连接副词在从句中作状语。
2)意义:无论是连接代词还是连接副词,都有各自的意义。
I remember ____this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
分析: 宾语从句是主系表结构,且主语和表语齐全,故 从句中缺少状语,可排除D项,再结合句意“我记的这地方是个宁静的村庄的时候”,故选A。
-Could you do me a favor? -It depends on ___it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever (A)
分析: 没有范围的情况下用不能使用which .
二)引导宾语从句的that何时不能省略
大家知道,that 引导宾语从句时,一般可以省略,但在下列情况下,引导宾语从句的常常不可省略。
1.介词except ,but ,besides, in 等后跟that 引导的宾语从句时。 如:
The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. 那个瑞典人站着一动不动,只是嘴巴还微微在动。
2.That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。 如:
I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves. 我认为,尤其重要的是,我们必须对自己有信心。
He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul. 他说,按照他的看法,雷锋是一个全心全意为人民服务的榜样。
3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。如:
He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting. 他说,如果早回来的话,他会来参加会议的。
Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in the mid-term exam. 马里说,因为身体不好,她不可能在期中考试中得分最高
4.当it 作形式宾语,后接that 引导的宾语从句时。如:
We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems. 我们已经表明,我们将学会处理各种难题
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal. 我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的。
5.当that 引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that (this )时,常不可省略。 如:
Comrade Wang told me that was why he was not a little tired.
王同志告诉我那就是为什幺他非常疲劳的原因。
He said that this was not his book, but his sister’s.
他说这不是他的书,而是他姐姐的书
6.宾语从句不止一个时,第一个that 可以省略,而其它的that 常不可省略。 如:
I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us. 我认为今天下午天会放晴,他们会来向我们告别的。
7.当when, who, what ,where ,why ,how 等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。 如:
I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.
我知道现在是什幺时候,且风仍然不大。
I’m sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.
我非常清楚他住在什幺地方,而且他生活得很幸福。
8.that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时。 如:
That she ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe
我只是不相信她曾经说过这样一件事情。
That you could complete the project so soon I never thought.
我完全没有想到这工程你们完成得这么快。
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第1个回答  2008-04-20
1.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。

参考资料:http://www.cmr.com.cn/BasicStudy/LearnColumn/EnglishOnline/Page.asp?Eid=7&Itemid=0

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