虚拟语气是什么?

虚拟语气是什么?还有虚拟语气的构成!谢谢!
复制的就不要回答了 谢谢

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如:
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如:
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/
could might + 动词原形。如;
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如:
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)
以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式:
条件状语从句 主 句
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主语”。如:
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如:
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。如:
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如:
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。如:
It is pity that you can’t swim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时。如:
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形,意思是“(现在)该……”。如:
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.
It’s high time we were going.
(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如:
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。如:
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
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第1个回答  2013-07-26
虚拟语气经常出现在if引导的条件状语从句中,用来说明与客观事实相反的情况,这种句子称为非真实条件句。
需要注意的是主句和从句谓语的量才而为与真实条件句的完全不同。
关于虚拟语气的时态,要具体情况而定,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反。
题里的would/should + have done的形式,从句用过去完成时,
句子与现在事实相反时,主句就用would/should+动词原型,从句用过去时,不过Be 动词的过去式只能用were ,而不能用was.
虚拟语气常 用if引导的条件状语从句中,它的时态分了三种不同的用法。还有根据实际情况倒退一个时态的两种从句,你还记得吗?
是wish 后面的宾语从句以及as/if引导的从句,另外,由某些特定动词引导的宾语从句,包括一些词的表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句,它们的从句谓语都用should do ,should可以省略,而引导从句的that通常不能省略。
在It is time句型里还可以用过去时。还有but或or连接的某些并列句中,及用with, without,but for等短语代替if从句的时候,虚拟语气的知识大体就这么多了:
用虚拟语气的情况:
1、if条件句
2、wish/as if(倒退一个时态)
3、包含特定词的宾语、表语、主语、同位语从句(should可以省略。)
4、It is time句型(用过去时)
5、but或or连接的某些并列句。
第2个回答  2013-07-26
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
例如:
If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。( 真实)
If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。(真实)
If I were you,I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。(我不可能是你。非真实,虚拟语气)
If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(不可能没有空气。非真实,虚拟语气)
与过去事实相反 would rather/sooner…谓语动词用had done

与现在、将来事实相反 would rather/sooner…谓语动词用did
第3个回答  2013-07-26
想了解构成的话最好看语法书, 我们在这里说不全的.

虚拟语气的用法就相当于中文的:
{
...本来可以....的
....就好了!
要是....的话, ....
}

比如:
我当初没答应他就好了.
我的分数本来可以报考名牌大学的.
要是我是你家长, 我早把你扔大街上了.

比较有名的例子:
碧昂丝的一首歌: If I were a boy (若我是男孩的话)
Sheldon常说的一句话: I could if I would. (直译不通顺, 翻成"懒的帮你"比效好).本回答被提问者和网友采纳
第4个回答  2020-10-15

听老师之间的对话学习虚拟语气

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