条件状语从句连接词后跟主语加谓语的
陈述句语序的句型。
条件状语从句(adverbial clause of condition)表条件,条件有真实条件和非真实条件两种。前者表现实的或可能变为现实的条件,后者表非现实的或不可能或不大可能变为现实的条件。这里只讨论真实条件。
真实条件状语从句用直陈语气,其
关联词有if,unless,suppose,supposing (that),assuming (that),providing (that),provided (that),in the event (that),just so (that),given (that),in case (that),on condition (that),as (so) long as等。这种状语从句可置于主句之前或之后。如:
If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. 如果明天天晴,我们就到乡下去。
He won’t finish his work
in time unless he works hard. 除非他努力干,否则他就不会按时把他的活干完。(unless表示否定的条件,如果不,除非)
Suppose they did not believe him what would they do to him? 如果他们不信任他,他们会对他怎么样?
Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work? 如果他不能来,这事谁来干。
Assuming that you are right, we’ll make a great deal of money from the project. 假定你是正确的,那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。
Providing (that) there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 如果没有人反对,我们就在这里开会。
She will go provided her friends can go also. 如果她的朋友们也能去,她就去。
In the event that our team wins, there will be a celebration. 如果我们队胜了,那就要庆祝一番。
He doesn’t mind inconveniencing others just so he’s comfortable. 他只要自己舒服,别人不方便他就不管了。
Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验,他们的工作已做得很好。
In case it rains, do not expect me. 如若下雨,就不要等我了。
You may borrow the book, on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else. 你可以把这本书借走,只要你不把它再借给别人。
You may use the room as long as you clean it afterward. 你可以随意用这个房间,只要你用完后弄干净就行。
英语中有一种条件状语从句与主句并无直接关系,这种从句叫做间接条件从句。如:
She’s far too considerate, if I may say so. 如我可直言,她太体谅人了。(=I am telling you, if I may, that she’s too considerate.)
英语中还有一种修辞性条件状语从句。如:
If you believe that, you’ll believe anything. 你如果相信此话,你将无话不信。(=You certainly can’t believe that.)
if从句可省去其与主句相同的部分。如:
I’m happy if you are. 你高兴我就高兴。(if从句省去happy)
if从句常可省去主语和
连系动词或助动词be。如:
Send the goods now if ready. 货物如已备好,请即送来。(if从句省去they are)
If necessary, ring me at home. 必要时可打电话到我家找我。(if从句省去it is)
if常和某些
不定代词构成省略结构。如:
If anyone, he knows. 如有人知,那就是他了。
There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人,如有的话,也不多了。
He seems to have little, if anything, to do with this. 若要说他和这事有关的话,那也似乎是很少的。