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Question

根据乌拉圭回合的《纺织品和服装协议》(Agreement on Textile and Clothes，缩写ATC)，从2005年 1月 1日开始，WTO成员国已经正式取消全部纺织品配额限制，这标志着纺织服装行业进入了自由贸易的新时代，同时也意味着纺织服装贸易不再作为一种例外商品保留特别的贸易限制措施，纺织服装业迎来了“后配额时代”。
随着全球纺织服装贸易配额的取消，一次全球性就业和财富的大迁移已经拉开序幕。对于世界上第一大纺织服装生产国和出口国的中国来说，一方面，随着全球纺织服装贸易后配额时代的来临，纺织服装出口的发展前景会更加光明；另一方面，由于我国纺织服装产品的主要出口市场在对纺织服装产品的环保性能有着较高要求的发达国家，我国的纺织服装产品的大量出口将对发达国家的同类产品生产者形成强有力的挑战，极易招致发达国家的贸易保护者的不满，中国纺织服装业的发展面临重大挑战。因此，在面对发达国家合理的绿色贸易规制和不合理的绿色贸易保护主义时，中国纺织服装产业该如何提升自己的绿色国际竞争力将是一个重大课题。
当前，在世界各国的共同努力下，国际贸易正逐渐趋向自由化发展，但同时绿色壁垒也逐渐演变成一种不可忽视的非关税贸易壁垒。应该看到，绿色壁垒虽然具有阻碍全球贸易自由化发展进程、制约发展中国家经济发展、阻碍发展中国家出口贸易的消极一面，但绿色贸易壁垒从另一个侧面反映了消费者对“绿色”产品的消费趋向，反映了产品的生产商、经销商对正在全球掀起的“绿色浪潮”的积极回应，因此，在WTO的规则中，它是受到保护和鼓励的。面对这样一种趋势，我国纺织服装业应采取积极的应对措施，巩固和提高中国作为全球纺织服装品生产和出口大国的地位。
本文首先对纺织服装行业绿色壁垒进行了全面论述，然后全面分析了绿色壁垒产生的影响，在此基础之上，笔者利用绿色国际竞争力的评价指标体系对我国的纺织服装产业进行了评价，分析了我国纺织服装产业所处的地位，进而说明我国应对绿色壁垒的重要性；本文的主要部分是有效的运用国家竞争优势理论，对我国纺织服装产业提升绿色国际竞争力的可能性与必要性、提升绿色国际竞争力的主要障碍，以及提升绿色国际竞争力的措施作了全面的论述，供中国纺织服装企业转变被动局面、有效提升中国纺织服装行业绿色竞争力提供帮助。

Answer 1

According to the Uruguay Round's "Agreement on Textiles and Clothing" (Agreement on Textile and Clothes, abbreviations ATC), from January 1, 2005, WTO member states have been formally abolished all restrictions on textile quotas, which marks the textile and apparel industry has entered a free trade in the new era, it also implies that textile and apparel trade is no longer retained as a special exception merchandise trade restrictions, the textile and garment industry usher in a "post-quota era."
With the global textile and garment trade quota abolished, a global employment and wealth migration has been kicked off. The world's largest textile and garment producer and exporter in China, on the one hand, as the global textile and garment trade the advent of the post-quota era, the development of the textile and garment export prospects will be even brighter; On the other hand, China's textile apparel products in the main export markets of textile and apparel products have higher environmental performance requirements of the developed countries, China's textile and apparel products exported in great quantities will be developed similar products producers a strong challenge, it is highly developed incurred protector of dissatisfaction with the trade, the development of China's textile and garment industry is facing major challenges. Therefore, the developed countries in the face of the Green Trade reasonable and unreasonable regulation green trade protectionism, China's textile and garment industries how to upgrade their international competitiveness of the green will be a major topic.
At present, the joint efforts of all countries in the world, is gradually moving international trade liberalization development, but also green barriers have gradually evolved into a not ignore the non-tariff trade barriers. It should be noted that although a green barriers hinder the development process of global trade liberalization, developing countries restricting economic development, and hindered exports from developing countries trade negative side, but green trade barriers from another reflection of the consumers of the "green" products consumer trends, reflecting the production, dealers of the world is called "green wave" of a positive response, therefore, the rules of the WTO, it is to be protected and encouraged. In face of this trend, China's textile and garment industry should take active measures to consolidate and enhance China as a global textile and apparel goods production and export country status.
This paper first on the textile and garment industries green barriers to a comprehensive exposition, and then a comprehensive analysis of the impact of green barriers, in this basis, and the author of the international competitiveness of green Evaluation System on China's textile and garment industries of the evaluation, analysis China's textile and apparel industry, the status, which shows that China deal with green barriers on the importance of this paper is a major part of the effective use of the national competitive advantages of China's textile and garment industries enhance the international competitiveness of Green possibility and necessity, Green upgrade the international competitiveness of the main obstacles, as well as upgrade the international competitiveness of green measures a comprehensive exposition of China's textile and garment enterprises for passive situation changes, effective upgrade of China's textile apparel industry to help the competitiveness of green.

Answer 2

According to Uruguay round "Textile And Clothing Agreement" (Agreement
on Textile and Clothes, condenses ATC), starts from January 1, 2005,
the WTO member nation already officially removed the complete textile
quota restriction, this symbolized the textile clothing profession
entered the free trade new times, simultaneously also meant the
textile clothing trade no longer took one kind of exceptional
commodity retained the special restraint of trade measure, after the
textile clothing industry welcomes "the quota time". Along with the
global spinning and weaving clothing trade quota cancellation, a
global employment and the wealth big migration already began the
prologue. The first big textile clothing production country and
exports country's regarding the world in China to say, on the one
hand, after the global spinning and weaving clothing trade quota time
approaching, the prospects for development which the textile clothing
exports can be brighter; On the other hand, because our country
spinning and weaving clothing product mainly exports the market in to
have a higher request to the textile clothing product environmental
protection performance the developed country, the our country textile
clothing product massive exportation will form the powerful challenge
to the developed country similar product producer, will be extremely
easy the trade protector's disaffection which will incur the developed
country, the Chinese spinning and weaving clothing industry
development faced with the great challenge. Therefore, when faces the
developed country reasonable green trade rules and regulations and the
unreasonable green trade protectionism, how will the Chinese spinning
and weaving clothing industry be supposed to promote own green
international competition strength will be important issue. Presently,
in under the various countries joint effort, the international trade
gradually is tending to the liberalized development, but
simultaneously the green barrier also gradually evolves one kind of
noticeable non- customs duty trade barrier. Should see one side, the
green barrier although has hinders the global trade liberalization
development advancement, restricts the developing nation economy
development, hinders the developing nation export trade to be
negative, but the green trade barrier had reflected from another side
the consumer to "the green" the product expense trend, had reflected
the product producer, the dealer to the whole world raises "the green
tide" the positive response, therefore, in the WTO rule, it is
receives the protection and the encouragement. Facing this kind of
kind of tendency, our country spinning and weaving clothing industry
should adopt positive should to the measure, consolidates and enhances
China and exports the great nation as the global spinning and weaving
clothing production the status. This article has first carried on the
comprehensive elaboration to the textile clothing profession green
barrier, then has comprehensively analyzed the influence which the
green barrier produces, above this foundation, the author has carried
on the appraisal using the green international competition strength
appraisal target system to our country textile clothing industry, has
analyzed the status which our country spinning and weaving clothing
industry locates, then explains our country to be supposed to the
green barrier importance; The this article main part is the effective
utilization country competitive advantage theory, to our country
spinning and weaving clothing industry promotion green international
competition strength possibility and necessary, the promotion green
international competition strength main barrier, as well as the
promotion green international competition strength measure has made
the comprehensive elaboration, transforms the passive aspect for the
Chinese spinning and weaving clothing enterprise, effectively promotes
the Chinese spinning and weaving clothing profession green competitive
ability to provide the help.