有哪些自然灾难(中文英文都要)

如题所述

我国是世界上自然灾害种类最多的国家,其中对我国影响最大的自然灾害有七大类。

  1、气象灾害 meteorological disaster

  气象灾害有20余种,主要有以下种类:

  (1)暴雨torrential rain:山洪暴发(flash flood)

  (2)雨涝waterlogging

  (3)干旱drought

  (4)干热风dry and hot wind

  (5)高温high temperature、热浪:酷暑高温、人体疾病、灼伤、作物逼熟;

  (6)热带气旋tropical cyclone

  (7)冷害cold damage:由于强降温和气温低造成作物、牲畜、果树受害;

  (8)冻害freeze injury:霜冻,作物、牲畜冻害,水管、油管冻坏;

  (9)冻雨freezing rain:电线、树枝、路面结冰;

  (10)结冰freeze:河面、湖面、海面封冻,雨雪后路面结冰;

  (11)雪害snow damage:暴风雪、积雪;

  (12)雹害hail damage:毁坏庄稼、破坏房屋;

  (13)风害wind damage:倒树、倒房、翻车、翻船;

  (14)龙卷风tornado:局部毁灭性灾害;

  (15)雷电thunder and light:雷击伤亡;

  (16)连阴雨cloudy-rainy weather for severaldays:对作物生长发育不利、粮食霉变等;

  (17)浓雾smoke fog:人体疾病、交通受阻;

  (18)低空风切变low level wind shear:(飞机)航空失事aircrush;

  (19)酸雨acid rain:作物等受害。

  2、海洋灾害Marine Disaster

  海洋灾害Marine Disaster主要有如下种类:

  (1)风暴潮storm surge:包括台风风暴潮、温带风暴潮;

  (2)海啸seismic sea wave:分遥海啸与本地海啸2种;

  (3)海浪sea wave:包括风浪、涌浪和近岸浪3种,就其成因而言又分台风浪、气旋浪;

  (4)海水seawater;

  (5)赤潮red tide;

  (6)海岸带灾害 coastal disasters:如海岸侵蚀、滑坡、土地盐碱化、海水污染等;

  (7)厄尔尼诺的危害。El Nino phenomenon damage

  3、洪水灾害flood damage

  (1)暴雨灾害Torrential Rain and Disasters

  (2)山洪mountain torrents

  (3)融雪洪水snowmelt flood

  (4)冰凌洪水Ice flood

  (5)溃坝洪水dam bursting flood

  (6)泥石流debris flow

  4、地震灾害earthquake disaster

  (1)构造地震tectonic earthquake

  (2)陷落地震depressive earthquake

  (3)矿山地震mining seismicity

  (4)水库地震reservoir-induced earthquake

  5、农作物生物灾害crop biological disasters

  (1)农作物病害crop disease:主要有水稻病害240多种,小麦病害50种,玉米病害40多种,
  棉花病害cotton disease 40多种及大豆、花生、麻类等多种病害;

  (2)农作物虫害Crop pests disease ;主要有水稻虫害252种,水麦虫害100多种,玉米虫害52种,棉
  花虫害300多种,及其它各种作物的多种虫害;

  (3)农作物草害agricultural crop cinfest:约8000多种;

  (4)鼠害rodent。

  6、森林生物灾害Forest biological disasters

  (1)森林病害forest diseases:2918种;

  (2)森林虫害damage by forest-insects:5020种;

  (3)森林鼠害 forest rodent damage :160余种。

  7、森林火灾forest fire
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第1个回答  2012-06-22
地震、火山爆发、泥石流、海啸、台风、洪水
earthquake,volcanic eruption,debris flow,tsunami,typhoon,flood
地面沉降、土地沙漠化、干旱、海岸线变化
land subsidence,land desertification,drought,shoreline change
臭氧层变化、水体污染、水土流失、酸雨
ozone depletion,water pollution,water loss and soil erosion,acid rain本回答被网友采纳