恳请专业英语高手翻译工程英语（工具翻译勿扰）

Question

二 剪切裂缝
剪切裂缝是指由剪力或在弯矩和剪力的共同作用下而产生的斜裂缝。斜裂缝的形成由两种方式：一种是因受弯正应力较大，先在梁底出现垂直裂缝，然后向上沿主压应力迹线发展形成裂缝，这种斜裂缝称为弯剪斜裂缝；另一种是梁腹部剪应力较大，会因梁腹主拉应力达到抗拉强度而先开裂，然后分别向上、向下沿主压应力迹线发展形成斜裂缝，这种斜裂缝称为腹剪斜裂缝。斜裂缝的开展将会导致沿斜截面的受剪承载力不足从而产生破坏。梁中通常通过设置垂直箍筋，或将纵筋弯起形成弯起钢筋，来提高斜截面受剪承载力，控制斜裂缝的开展。箍筋和弯起钢筋统称为腹筋。按理说，箍筋沿主拉应力方向布置更为有效，但从施工考虑，斜箍筋不便于绑扎，而且斜箍筋也不能承受方向荷载的作用，故工程中一般采用垂直箍筋。弯起钢筋可直接由正截面抗弯钢筋弯起形成，且弯起钢筋的方向可与主拉应力方向一致，但由于其传力较为集中，受力不均匀，且由可能在弯起处引起混凝土的劈裂裂缝，同时增加了钢筋施工的难度，也就很少采用，一般仅在箍筋略有不足的打跨简支梁上采用。

Answer 1

The shear cracks
Shear cracks refers to shear or shear in the moment and the common but under the ramp cracks. Ramps from the formation of cracks in two ways: one is due to bending stress is greater, the first in the beam at the end of a vertical crack, and then along the main upward pressure trace the development of a stress fracture, such as bending shear cracks inclined ramp cracks The other is larger beam shear stress the abdomen, abdominal main beam due to meet tensile strength and tensile stress cracking first, and then were upward and downward along the principal stress trace the development of a ramp cracks, such as ramps cracks Abdominal oblique shear cracks. Ramps will lead to the development of cracks along the inclined section of the shear strength resulting in lack of damage. Leung usually by setting vertical stirrups, or vertical steel tendons Bend your Bend your form, to improve cross-section oblique shear strength, control of the launching ramp cracks. Bend your stirrups and reinforced collectively referred to as web reinforcement. Normally, the stirrups direction along the main stress is more effective layout, but consider the construction, ramps stirrups Bangzha not easy, but also inclined stirrups can not afford the direction of the load, it works in the general use of vertical stirrups. Bend your being reinforced by the direct cross-section bending steel Bend your form, and Bend your direction can be reinforced with the main stress the same direction, but because of its more-focused, Shouli Bu uniform, and from Bend your might in the cause Splitting the cracks in concrete, reinforced at the same time increased the difficulty of construction, will rarely use, most only slightly less than in the stirrups of a simple cross-beam use.